高空飞艇定点控制关键技术及解决途径

介绍了有关高空飞艇的概念和关键技术,指出自适应定点控制是高空飞艇发展中的核心关键技术.通过分析,探讨了自适应定点控制需要研究的内容和技术难点.在此基础上,提出了初步的技术途径和一种新的控制方案,为进一步开展研究工作奠定基础.     

平流层飞艇定点保持模式控制方法研究

平流层飞艇作为执行高空长航时任务的平台近年来引起了全球范围的关注。平流层飞艇运行的技术难题之一就是其在定点保持模式下的自主定位和定姿问题。本文率先建立了平流层飞艇定点保持模式的动力学模型,在此基础上,采用李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性理论针对平流层飞艇定点保持模式的非线性系统设计了一种非线性控制律,并证明了所得到的闭环系统是全局渐近稳定的。通过数学仿真验证了该控制方法对非线性系统控制的有效性。     

Station-keeping control for a stratospheric airship platform via fuzzy adaptive backstepping approach

This paper presents a novel approach for station-keeping control of a stratospheric airship platform in the presence of parametric uncertainty and external disturbance. First, conceptual design of the stratospheric airship platform is introduced, including the target mission, configuration, energy sources, propeller and payload. Second, the dynamics model of the airship platform is presented, and the mathematical model of its horizontal motion is derived. Third, a fuzzy adaptive backstepping control approach is proposed to develop the station-keeping control system for the simplified horizontal motion. The backstepping controller is designed assuming that the airship model is accurately known, and a fuzzy adaptive algorithm is used to approximate the uncertainty of the airship model. The stability of the closed-loop control system is proven via the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach.     

平流层飞艇飞行温度限和飞行速度限分析

平流层飞艇的飞行性能对其飞行安全、机动能力等非常重要.本文结合平流层飞艇的特点,提出"飞行温度限"和"飞行速度限"对其极限飞行性能进行评估,并在理论分析的基础上,提出相应的估算方法.通过具体实例,对平流层飞艇的极限飞行性能进行评估.     

The yaw stability analysis for stratospheric airships in float situation

When a stratospheric airship free floats at pressure altitude, the sideslip angle of the airship is neither random nor against the wind, but is stable on certain values. According to classical potential flow theory, a simplified two-dimensional ellipse and three-dimensional ellipsoid are firstly analyzed respectively, which implied that the airship could present crosswind orientation. The numerical investigations (CFD) on the yaw stability based on a bare hull and a finned airship are employed for verifying the theory conclusion. It is found that the finned airships can remain stable when its sideslip Angle is 55–70°, which is less than 90° of the stable angle of the ellipsoid and bare hull, but statically unstable at low sideslip angles, its static instability is similar to that of dynamic flight. Then the fight data of three stratospheric airships is analyzed. The yaw stability in flight data generally agrees with expectations drawn of theoretical and numerical simulation. These investigations serve to provide references for yaw control and configuration design of airships.     

基于响应面法的某双体飞艇囊体气动外形优化

为了进一步减小阻力,提高整个飞艇的气动性能,针对某双体飞艇囊体的长宽比、宽厚比和最大截面位置三个主要外形参数,采用试验设计和响应面法相结合的方法进行了囊体气动外形优化设计,以CFD数值计算技术的结果为基础,共进行了15次试验。优化前,囊体零升阻力系数为0.029 8;优化后,其零升阻力系数为0.027 4,减小了8.76%,巡航状态升阻比增加了5.25%,整个飞艇的气动性能得以较大改善,也证实了优化模型的有效性。研究表明:基于Box-Behnken设计和响应面法的双体飞艇囊体气动外形优化设计方法,不但考虑了外形参数之间的交互作用,而且计算量相对较小,计算结果的精度和可靠度较高,可以快速准确地优选出囊体外形参数的最优组合,具备一定的工程实用价值。     

某常规飞艇与混合式飞艇总体设计和性能分析

为了对常规单囊体飞艇和混合式飞艇各自的性能特点有更清晰的认识,分别设计了某常规飞艇和混合式飞艇的总体方案,建立了两类飞艇的分析模型,并从气动特性、浮升特性、重量特性、续航特性方面对二者的综合性能进行了比较和分析。研究表明：在体积相同的情况下,虽然混合式飞艇在阻力特性方面不如单囊体飞艇,但由于混合式飞艇动升力较大,并可以借助动升力来平衡燃油的消耗,且有效载荷大、载油量大、可操纵性好,更有利于长航时飞行。研究结果可为我国开展长航时和大载重飞艇研制提供一定的设计参考。     

基于充气结构的非常规飞艇设计

研究充气结构在飞艇设计、制造和操控方面的用途,提出一种由受压变硬的空心管组成的充气结构,其安装在飞艇囊体上,使得飞艇结构变得更坚固。这种设计创新可以降低结构质量,也可提高非常规飞艇的动力和机械性能。同时,由于这些充气结构的简易性,制造和操作过程中面临的难题将会大大减少。     

升力浮力复合型飞艇动导数分析

计算了球体和椭球体的平移、转动加速度导数,数值模拟了NACA0015翼型的俯仰振荡,验证了计算流体动力学(CFD)方法计算动导数的有效性.模拟升力浮力复合型飞艇的强迫振荡运动,得到了全艇以及机翼、艇身、平尾和垂尾的动导数,并与常规飞艇进行了比较分析.机翼对速度导数的贡献导致复合型飞艇升沉速度导数、滚转角速度导数较常规飞艇显著增大.常规飞艇加速度导数以惯性力成分为主,但黏性力成分以及机翼对艇身和尾翼的干扰对复合型飞艇升沉、滚转和俯仰3个方向的加速度导数有重要影响,不能将加速度导数简化为附加质量系数.      

动态过程的飞艇排气特性分析

在体积可变的情况下,针对一次排气过程中压差和艇囊体积的动态变化,利用伯努利方程和气体状态方程,揭示了飞艇的排气特性,即压差的平方根随时间线性下降。进而提出一种排气阀效率和艇体变形的实验方法,可在飞艇集成测试中同步完成。试验校验了飞艇的排气特性,且飞艇体积变形率与压差成正比,排气阀效率与标定结果一致。本文的结果可为飞艇总体设计、压力和浮力控制提供参考。