径向变体飞艇总体参数估算方法

为突破临近空间可操纵浮空器的关键技术难点,使可操纵浮空器往返地面至临近空间成为可能,提出了一种径向变体飞艇的总体参数估算方法,该方法基于阿基米德浮力定律和李式变体飞艇原理(Li-Style Transformable Airship Theory),通过艇体结构的径向变形来实现艇体截面积的自适与可控变化,控制飞艇容积变化以改变净升力大小,并使飞艇在容积变化中始终保持可操纵的气动外形,从而实现飞艇的升、降与驻空和飞行等控制.通过设计变形方案估算内气囊与外气囊尺寸,分析力学平衡与能源平衡估算飞艇长度.在拟定设计参数的基础上,给出了一种太阳能径向变体飞艇的总体设计方案,并通过设计实例验证了此方法的可行性与实用性.     

临近空间伞张式飞艇气囊结构原理性研究

针对常规布局临近空间飞艇存在的超压控制系统重量大、能耗高等问题,通过借鉴南瓜型高空长航时气球的工作原理,提出了一种新型的省却了副气囊和超压控制系统的临近空间伞张式飞艇概念,该飞艇主要由一种能随气囊内外压差变化实现自主变形的伞张式气囊组成。针对伞张式气囊,通过开展气囊结构概念设计、气囊原理样件研制和地面原理试验研究,验证了伞张式飞艇气囊结构原理的可行性。研究结果表明,临近空间伞张式飞艇气囊结构原理上基本可行。     

Drag Reduction for an Airship with Proper Arrangement of Propellers

In this article, the flow field around an airship with propellers blowing is calculated on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulent models. Modeled each as an actuator disk, the propellers are arranged at different positions around the body of airship in the flow direction. The numerical results show that the blowing propellers produce open outer flows. They drive the separated vortexes off the body thus reducing the drag coefficients. The results also show that the position after leading sucking peak is the best place for a propeller to blow. When the propellers are positioned after sucking peak, the longer the area which the propellers work on, the more the profile drag coefficients can be reduced. If the working position of propeller moves from the sucking peak forward to the leading edge, the friction drag coefficient will increase. The bigger the diameter of the propellers and the stronger the pressure jump, the more the drag coefficient will be reduced. The results also reveal that for the design of circularly-positioned propellers with space intervals, the more drag coefficient reduction results, the smaller the space interval is specified.     

平流层飞艇巡航姿态自适应神经网络补偿控制

 研究了一种基于自适应神经网络补偿的平流层飞艇前向速度与姿态控制系统设计方法。针对近似模型进行常规线性动态补偿器设计,并引入自适应径向基函数(Radial Basis Function, RBF)神经网络对模型误差进行补偿。根据Lyapunov方法得到神经网络权值自适应律,保证了闭环系统误差信号一致最终有界。该控制器设计对模型参数信息仅有较少的要求。仿真结果表明对于两类不同的飞艇模型,所设计的控制器在响应性及对未知环境风速作用的鲁棒性方面均具有良好的效果。     

低空无人飞艇压力控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种以C8051F120单片机为核心设计的低空无人飞艇压力控制系统,详细给出了系统的总体架构;着重说明了主要功能模块的电路设计和固件的程序设计.地面测试和飞行试验表明该压力控制系统性能稳定,能满足低空飞艇飞行中压力控制的要求.     

Analysis of long-endurance station-keeping flight scenarios for stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects

The ability to achieve long-endurance station-keeping flights makes stratospheric airships desirable platforms for the provision of communication and surveillance services. To maintain long-endurance flights, it is necessary to consider the problem of energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss long-endurance flight scenarios of stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects. The balance between buoyancy and gravity is influenced by thermal effects during the diurnal cycle. We perform a theoretical analysis based on the helium’s mass, pressure differential, and altitude as the main factors. To verify the effectiveness of the control over the pressure differential and the altitude, three long-endurance flight scenarios are proposed and compared. Then, the corresponding optimization problems are constructed to determine the energy-minimum flight. Finally, further efforts are made to reduce energy consumption. The realization and limitations of two strategies for improvement are analyzed. A comparison with other scenarios shows the effectiveness of energy conservation. The study in this paper thus provides a reference for station-keeping applications of stratospheric airships.     

Command filtered sliding mode trajectory tracking control for unmanned airships based on RBFNN approximation

This paper presents two sliding mode controllers to address the trajectory tracking problem of unmanned airships in the presence of unknown wind disturbance. The sliding mode controller proposed first is designed by a fast power rate reaching law(FPRRL). The disturbance is compensated by a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). To avoid the aggressive adaptation, the controller is augmented by a command filter. The controller provides good robustness and tracking performance with no chattering under the hypothesis of ideal wind field. However, serious chattering occurs when simulation is performed under discontinuous wind field. To simulate the wind in practice, the wind field employed in the simulation is generated by the combination of a constant field and white noise. The controller is improved subsequently with an extended model to suppress the chattering induced by the white noise. The enhanced controller manipulates the derivation of system input, thus attenuating the chattering. Stability analysis shows that both controllers drive the tracking error into a controllable small region near zero. Simulations are provided to validate the performance of the proposed controllers under different wind hypothesis.     

国外大型对流层飞艇发展现状、特点与趋势

美国、德国等发达国家在大型对流层飞艇研发、应用等方面一直处于世界先进水平。介绍了目前国外大型对流层飞艇的发展现状,分析了现有大型对流层飞艇的发展特点、关键技术与未来的发展趋势。未来,大型对流层飞艇将主要向长航时、大载重、多功能、一体化等方向发展。     

Dryden型大气紊流对平流层飞艇能量最优轨迹影响

研究了常值风场作用下平流层飞艇的上升段轨迹优化和大气紊流对最优轨迹的影响问题。首先基于平流层飞艇的受力分析,建立了考虑常值风场、地球自转和飞艇质量变化等诸多因素的三自由度动力学模型,处理参数得到归一化的系统方程;其次采用直接配点法将平流层飞艇的最优轨迹问题转换为非线性规划问题,以最小能量为目标函数,给出非线性规划问题的求解策略,优化得出可行解后对飞艇的最优上升轨迹及相应的加速度项进行了分析,将优化的控制量代入微分方程验证了优化轨迹的准确性;最后加入Dryden型大气紊流的干扰,选取多组大气紊流干扰下的数据进行对比分析,仿真结果表明大气紊流叠加风场均值与飞艇终端位置误差存在一定规律,分析并提出了平流层飞艇抵御大气紊流干扰的策略。