Observation of aphelion cloud belt over Martian tropics,its evolution,and associated dust distribution from MCS data

The present study uses five Martian years of observations from Mars Climate Sounder onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for investigating the Aphelion Cloud Belt (ACB) over the tropics. Analysis of zonal mean water ice column opacity suggests that the spatial extension of the ACB is mainly confined over the tropics and mid-latitudes (-20 – 40°N) during L_S ~ 45 – 135° (L_S = 0° signifies northern spring equinox). The ACB is seen primarily in the nighttime only due to the truncation of the daytime profile observations at significantly higher altitudes (at ~30 km). Zonal mean ice extinction profiles show ACB’s altitudinal range within ~10 – 40 km, and the existence of a thin cloud band in the absence of a thick ACB during aphelion season. Three phases of the ACB could be identified as the formation phase during L_S = 45 – 75° (phase 1), the peak phase during L_S = 76 – 105° (phase 2), and the decaying phase during L_S = 106 – 135° (phase 3). Observation of the cloud latitude belt shows a northward movement starting from phase 2, prominent over regions nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra. During this phase, the top level of thick clouds within the ACB decreases to ~20 km in the southern hemisphere, while it increases a little over the northern hemisphere (NH). The decreasing tendency continues in phase 3 over the entire region ?10 – 10°N, and the thick cloud base moves higher over the NH, though the vertical depth of it becomes narrower than phase 2. Temperature profiles do not show any noticeable influence on the northward evolution of the ACB. However, the study at a regional level indicates a possible association of upper tropospheric dustiness with the ACB’s evolution. The mechanism is evident in the correlation analysis mostly at an altitude range of ~18 – 35 km. The migrating semidiurnal tide (SMD) as a proxy of dust or water ice forcing, and the calculated upper tropospheric dust radiative heating, shows an apparent northward movement of their peak amplitude within the three phases of the ACB. This match between the spatiotemporal variations of the SMD and the water ice was not observed previously. However, the correlating behavior seems to be prominent in the areas nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra and the upper-tropospheric region of the atmosphere.     

美国土卫六自主探测飞艇技术研究

根据土卫六星体环境特征和科学探测任务要求,结合美国自主飞艇技术研究进展,分析阐述了深空探测飞艇覆盖范围大、驻空时间长、能源消耗少等性能特点,以及可实现未来空-天-地一体立体式精细化的探测应用,并重点讨论了土卫六自主探测飞艇总体方案及关键技术,可为我国今后研制深空探测飞艇平台提供借鉴。     

临近空间飞艇电源系统新型拓扑结构研究

针对临近空间飞艇高压载荷的需求,文章研究了飞艇高压动力母线控制电路的拓扑结构,提出更高效、更实用的高压拓扑控制电路,设计了三电平电压变换拓扑结构,可有效减小元器件电压应力,解决高压动力母线带来的问题,提高系统的效率和可靠性。实验表明,三电平电压变换拓扑结构适用于高输入和高输出电压中大功率的应用场合,能够满足临近空间飞艇电源系统的需求。     

“神舟八号”飞船主伞的改进设计与试验

针对“神舟号”飞船主伞存在少量局部破损的问题,“神舟八号”主伞进行了改进设计。改进的目的是减少主伞局部破损,提高主伞可靠性。主要的改进措施是增加了伞衣保护布和牵顶伞。试验结果表明,主伞破损比改进前减少了70％,达到了改进目的。     

平流层的信息对抗探讨

进入21世纪以来,由于新型的巡航导弹、隐身飞机、性能更好的预警机、TBM这些高科技武器的出现,远程精确打击会是武器系统发展的一大趋势,如何及早地发现它们将是防御方的一个难题。飞艇作为一个临近空间的机动平台也就应运而生。这是一个跨世纪的新兴学科,可能支撑许多新的空间武器。简要介绍了其作用、作战对象、主要研究内容,需要攻克的一些关键技术。     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

新型旋翼推进式无人飞艇气动特性研究

为了解新型旋翼推进式无人飞艇推进旋翼与气囊之间的气动作用,通过流体仿真、采用SIMPLE算法和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对两种旋翼安装方案的气动特性进行了模拟分析,并初步确定了旋翼安装方式及结构。数值模拟结果表明,推进式安装方式推进效率远比拉进式安装方式要高,旋翼与气囊之间的距离对推进效率有一定的影响。     

二维紊流场对飞艇水平面内运动影响研究

大气紊流是影响高空飞艇水平面内巡航的重要原因,传统Dryden模型采用谱分解定理,只能生成一维大气紊流模型,对于高空飞艇复杂的飞行运动来说,生成二维紊流风场模型是必要的.基于紊流场的空间相关特性,采用离散自递归方法构建风场模型,然后结合风速矢量三角形关系式,建立扰动下的飞艇动力学模型,再对该模型进行水平竖直解耦.仿真结果表明,大气紊流作用在飞艇上的力会使飞艇较大程度地偏离其运动航迹,呈不稳定的随机波动状态.因此,构建高空飞艇动力学模型时,要充分考虑大气紊流的影响.     

Ion production and ionization effect in the atmosphere during the Bastille day GLE 59 due to high energy SEPs

The influence of high energy particles, specifically cosmic rays, on atmospheric physics and chemistry is highly discussed. In most of the proposed models the role of ionization in the atmosphere due to cosmic rays is not negligible. Moreover, effect(s) on minor constituents and aerosols are recently observed, specifically over the polar regions during strong solar particle events. According to the recent findings for such effects it is necessary an essential increase of ion production, specifically during the winter period. The galactic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere. Occasionally, the atmospheric ionization is significantly enhanced during strong solar energetic particles events, specifically over the polar caps. During the solar cycle 23 several strong ground level enhancements were observed. One of the strongest was the Bastille day event occurred on 14 July 2000. Using a full Monte Carlo 3-D model, we compute the atmospheric ionization, considering explicitly the contribution of cosmic rays with galactic and solar origin, focusing on high energy particles. The model is based on atmospheric cascade simulation with the PLANETOCOSMICS code. The ion production rate is computed as a function of the altitude above the sea level. The ion production rate is computed on a step ranging from 10 to 30?min throughout the event, considering explicitly the spectral and angular characteristics of the high energy part of solar protons as well as their time evolution. The corresponding event averaged ionization effect relative to the average due to galactic cosmic rays is computed in lower stratosphere and upper troposphere at various altitudes, namely 20?km, 15?km, 12?km and 8?km above the sea level in a sub-polar and polar regions. The 24^h and the weekly ionization effects are also computed in the troposphere and low stratosphere. Several applications are discussed.     

共轭梯度方法在求解不可压N-S方程中的应用

采用非结构网格上的SIMPLE(Semi-implicit Method for Pressure-linked Equations)算法、k-ε湍流模型求解了三维不可压Navier-stokes方程,对低速不可压粘性流场进行数值模拟,在求解压强方程时采用共轭梯度方法,求解其它变量方程时,采用预处理的BICG(biconjugate gradients)算法.对NACA0012翼型绕流流场和飞艇绕流流场进行数值模拟并对结果进行分析,取得较好的结果.