Effect of U-grooves on high-lift low pressure turbine profile＇s incidence characteristics

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明：相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.     

基于故障树的飞机结构腐蚀损伤模糊综合评判

针对飞机结构腐蚀损伤分析和评价过程中影响因素复杂且具有模糊性的问题,提出了基于故障树分析和模糊理论的方法对飞机结构在复杂环境下发生的腐蚀损伤进行综合评判.对飞机结构腐蚀损伤过程和机理进行分析,构建飞机结构腐蚀损伤故障树,建立腐蚀损伤影响因素的评判集;计算各评判因素的相对概率重要度,根据评判因素相对概率重要度的比重,建立评判因素权重集;确定飞机结构腐蚀损伤的评价集,建立从评判因素集到评价集的模糊映射;通过模糊关系的模糊变换,对服役环境引起飞机结构的腐蚀损伤进行定量评价.通过飞机铝合金结构和不锈钢结构在沿海环境条件下腐蚀损伤评判的实例分析,证明了该方法的有效性,可为飞机结构设计和维修提供依据.     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

基于灰色理论的复杂系统多故障模糊诊断

航天、核电等复杂系统源发故障概率通常难于获取,由此导致基于最大后验概率准则的诊断方法失效。针对上述问题,从测试可靠性先验概率入手,提出了一种基于相关矩阵和灰色系统理论的故障诊断方法,通过对系统建立故障-测试相关矩阵,生成有排序的测试报警概率矩阵,并利用灰色关联度衡量测试结果向量与故障特征向量的接近度,实现了对多发故障的模糊诊断。实验结果表明,该方法在诊断指标权重调整、诊断精细度、重点关注故障检出等方面优势明显,诊断结论正确率满足实用需求。     

涡轮叶冠间隙流动特性实验

针对叶冠腔内有冷却气流的转子叶片叶冠,通过改变主流雷诺数、前后孔岀流比、叶尖间隙等参数得到静止状态下叶冠间隙流动的总压损失系数.实验结果表明:增大主流雷诺数与前孔岀流比,叶冠总压损失系数增大;减小叶尖间隙,总压损失系数也增大,小叶尖间隙下,总压损失系数随主流雷诺数与前孔岀流比增长更快,而后孔岀流比对叶冠总压损失系数影响不大.      

基于测量数据的不确定性结构分析的模糊理论

针对不确定性结构力学问题,提出了基于测量数据的模糊分析方法.该方法利用差值因子构造了不确定参数的隶属度函数,对不确定参数的有限个分散数据进行不确定性描述和定量化处理,估计出其真值估计和区间估计,将其运用到不确定性结构力学问题的模糊有限元分析中,以求得结构的不确定性响应.最后以十杆桁架结构为例,运用该方法对结构的不确定响应进行了分析,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

全局最优导向模糊布谷鸟搜索算法及应用

针对标准布谷鸟搜索算法探索能力强而开发能力较弱、收敛速度慢及计算精度较差等问题,提出了具有全局最优导向的模糊布谷鸟搜索算法。在鸟窝更新公式中引入全局最优导向策略,在产生新的鸟窝位置时利用到当前最优鸟窝位置信息,以保持鸟窝的多样性并提高算法的开发能力。另外,采用模糊逻辑规则对布谷鸟算法中的搜索步长和外来鸟蛋被发现概率这2个重要参数进行自适应调整,以提高算法的全局收敛性能和求解精度。通过2个经典结构可靠性分析极限状态方程测试该算法的性能,并将其应用于某飞机舱门锁定机构可靠性分析中。实验结果表明,与粒子群算法、标准布谷鸟搜索算法和改进布谷鸟搜索算法相比,所提出的全局最优导向模糊布谷鸟搜索算法在进行可靠性分析中,能够有效地提高解的精度并增加收敛速度,寻优效果更优。      

基于BBN的航空公司风险评估技术研究

 在人、机、环境和管理(MMEM)系统理论的基础上,通过研究有关民航规则、标准中的相关内容建立航空公司风险评估指标体系;利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评价法(FCE)量化其中的定性指标;基于贝叶斯置信网络(BBN)软件GeNIe完成了整个系统贝叶斯网络拓扑结构的建立,将航空公司历史数据作为贝叶斯网络参数学习的训练数据,获取节点概率表(NPT),建立航空公司风险评估模型,并对其进行概率推理计算;通过环比分析确定影响风险的主要因素。     

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer around a spherical aerostat

Forced convective heat transfer is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. Due to the large physical size, the convection around an aerostat has high Reynolds numbers. The existing forced convective heat transfer correlations are limited to the Reynolds number lower than 10⁵, which are not appropriate for aerostat applications. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a convective heat transfer correlation applicable to spherical aerostats at high Reynolds numbers. In this paper, steady convective heat transfer from an isothermal spherical aerostat is numerically investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out by commercial computational fluid dynamic software with the Reynolds number from 20 to 10⁸. The average Nusselt numbers are obtained and compared with those of available in literature. Based on regression and optimization with software, a new piecewise correlation of Nusselt number is proposed. The verification shows that the new correlation is reliable.