热电偶失效机理及其在热处理炉测试中的应用

从热电偶的材料、使用环境和使用方法等方面对热电偶的失效机理进行了分析，针对热处理炉温场测试中的高精度要求，解释了AMS2750《高温测量法》标准中的相关要求，指出了一些热处理炉温场测试中需要注意的问题并给出相应的建议。     

大规格损伤容限钛合金TC4-DT的研制及应用

为了满足新一代战斗机对大规格损伤容限钛合金的需求，开展了TC4-DT钛合金大规格棒材与锻坯的成分与组织控制、大型锻件热处理过程中的显微组织控制、材料与锻件的制造过程控制、零件的疲劳强化等研究。经过大型铸锭熔炼、大规格棒材和锻坯试制、大厚度锻件试制、结构设计与制造，结果表明：损伤容限钛合金TC4-DT大型铸锭的成分均匀、大型锻坯和大厚度锻件的抗拉强度变异系数降至约2%，激光冲击、喷丸和冷挤压等对该合金的寿命增益效果显著。损伤容限钛合金TC4-DT在新一代战斗机上获得了广泛应用。     

Al-Cu-Li合金电子束焊接头的微观组织结构

采用真空电子束焊接Al-Cu-Li合金,分析了焊态下接头的微观组织以及焊后热处理对接头微观组织结构的影响。结果表 明,在焊态下,焊缝中心为典型的树枝晶,在树枝晶界分布着共晶组织,其主要组成相为α+θ′(Al2Cu),焊缝中的强化相数量较少。经过焊后热处理,接头焊缝区组织发生了显 著变化,焊缝中心组织由树枝晶转变为等轴晶,焊态下的晶界偏析现象得以消除,焊缝中析出了数量较多的球状δ′(Al3Li)相以及细针状T1(Al2CuLi)相,使接头的力学性能明显改善,接头抗拉强度由焊态下的348 MPa提高到热处理后的423 MPa,接头拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。     

Dual stability enhancement mechanisms of axial-slot casing treatment in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor with various tip clearances

The influence of Axial-Slot Casing Treatment (ASCT) on the performance and stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT were experimentally and numerically investigated in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor under three different tip clearances. Unsteady simulations showed the compressor stalled through end-wall stall route, i.e. the spike stall inception originating from rotor tip region, which was validated by dynamical measurements. When the ASCT was applied, greater than 20% of Stall Margin Improvement (SMI) could be achieved for the compressor under each tip clearance size. The streamwise velocity contours and flow structures in the tip region and axial slots were deeply analyzed to explore how the so called “suction and injection effects” generated by the ASCT manipulate tip clearance flow and enhance the stability of compressor under different tip clearances. It was found that the dominant stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT varies with tip clearance size for the mixed-flow compressor. (A) For the small tip clearance, the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement is the blockage reduction generated in the blade passage by the suction effect of ASCT. (B) For the large tip clearance, the injection effect of the ASCT is the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement with ASCT, which plays the leading role in delaying the spillage of incoming/tip leakage flow interface at the rotor Leading Edge (LE) plane.     

Performance Improvement Method of CFRP with Embedded Optical Fiber

Optical fiber-based sensors are usually applied in structural health monitoring(SHM)as part of smart materials.The weak interface between the optical fiber and the host material will reduce the mechanical performance of the smart materials.Normally,the principal parts of the optical fibers are inorganic,while the matrix of host material is organic.These two kinds of materials can not be combined.Micro-fracture can be found in smart materials.Two methods for improving the interface are proposed.Firstly,the influence of the interface size on the strength is studied.Secondly,interfacial treatment before embedding the optical fiber into the composite is analyzed.Compressive tests of composite laminated specimens are conducted to evaluate the proposed methods.The specimens are produced from T300Carbon/epoxy prepreg,with different treated optical fiber embedded inside.The experimental results indicate that smaller interface size and proper treatment will strengthen the whole structure.     

离心压气机导风轮叶顶端壁引气扩稳研究

对一台在导风轮叶顶设置有自循环机匣处理的离心压气机,借鉴其试验结果制定了3种引气位置A,B和C,并结合不同的引气量进行了端壁引气扩稳的数值研究.计算结果表明:引气位置和引气范围对扩稳效果有重要影响,引气位置C覆盖了整个叶尖回流区,引气面积最大,扩稳效果最好.随引气量的变化,出现了两种不同的扩稳机理:小引气量可以吸除叶尖泄漏流,缓解通道阻塞,延缓端壁失速;过大的引气量则挤占有效流通面积,将通流区域压向轮毂侧,增加了叶轮的做功能力.兼顾压气机的效率考虑,小引气量具有优势,引气位置C用5%引气量可以获得19.6%的裕度提升.      

肼推进剂废气处理系统设计

为吸收某型号发动机地面试验尾气中所含的肼和氨气,设计了肼推进剂废气处理系统,处理后的气体达到可排入大气的标准。文章介绍了肼分解废气处理的7种常用方法,经比较选择使用处理液喷淋的方法。废气处理系统实际达到的技术参数为:对空自运行流量944 Nm~3/h;发动机试车状态下经过处理的废气中肼含量0.001 2 mg/m~3,氨含量为0.032 6~0.057 mg/m~3(厂界值,共检测4点)。检测结果大大优于国家相关标准要求。经过数十次发动机地面试验的实践证明,系统能够满足用户使用要求,并且操作简便、运行可靠、免于维护。     

2198铝锂合金后续热处理制度及对织构影响的研究

通过力学性能和组织观察研究了2198新型铝锂合金的后续固溶时效热处理制度,并通过XRD衍射仪对原始板材和热处理之后的板材进行织构测算。对比分析表明：2198铝锂合金最佳固溶制度选为500℃×1 h小时,最佳时效制度定为175℃×20小时。经过重新固溶时效后,材料组织形貌、力学性能基本保持不变而延伸率变化小于3%。原始板材织构主要存在着较强的{-110}〈-1-12〉组分以及{001}〈0-10〉,{-3311}〈-1-10〉和{-5512}〈3-95〉组分,但经过重新固溶时效之后,主要织构变为{-110}〈-1-12〉,{-3313}〈-1-10〉和{-112}〈1-11〉组分,呈明显弱化趋势。从而改善此合金趋于各向同性条件下的抗疲劳性能与耐蚀性能。     

一种槽道式处理机匣的准定常流动模型Ⅱ: 跨声转子处理机匣的优化设计

对带气室的槽道式处理机匣的结构进行了参数化,然后采用所发展的处理机匣流动模型对槽道式处理机匣进行了数值模拟分析,获得了槽道式处理机匣各主要结构参数对处理机匣扩稳作用和转子效率的影响.基于原基准处理机匣,并选取各个结构参数经分析得到的最优值设计了一个优化的处理机匣.实验结果表明：优化的处理机匣设计在60%,80%,98%设计转速下都在原基准处理机匣的基础上进一步提高了转子的失速裕度,并且带有优化处理机匣的转子峰值效率比基准处理机匣、甚至实壁机匣的情形都有所提高.另外,为考察处理机匣槽道数的影响,对一个在优化处理机匣的基础上缩减槽道数而得到的处理机匣设计也进行了实验研究.     

镍基合金激光熔覆MCrAlY涂层基体裂纹的成因与控制

在分析激光熔覆涂层基体裂纹形成机理的基础上,针对采用激光熔覆技术在镍基合金基体上制备MCrAlY涂层存在基体裂纹的问题,提出了缓冷处理的止裂措施,研究了将熔覆后的涂层置于300℃下保温30min随炉缓冷和置于已预热至300℃的保温箱中随箱缓冷两种缓冷工艺对基体裂纹的控制行为.结果表明:镍基合金激光熔覆MCrAlY涂层基体裂纹主要是由于熔覆过程中的快速冷却所致;两种缓冷工艺均能有效地避免基体裂纹的产生,但保温随炉缓冷处理会引起熔覆层组织粗大、枝品特征明显等不良影响,而随箱缓冷处理涂层对熔覆层组织并未产生不良影响.