基于翼面压力的飞行器气动力感知技术与自由飞验证

飞行器在大迎角飞行状态下其复杂绕流流动会导致非指令运动出现,严重影响了飞行器的操纵性与飞行安全。现有以惯性元件为核心的机载设备无法直接提供非定常气动力参数,而如何实时感知飞行器大迎角状态的非定常气动力/力矩,是抑制非指令运动现象的核心所在,将是未来战机设计中亟待解决的空气动力学和飞行控制的关键问题之一。针对上述问题,提出基于翼面压力信息获取特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec,估算飞行器全机在大迎角状态下的非定常气动力矩,进而判断飞行器的滚转运动的设想。风洞和飞行试验研究结果表明：对于80°/48°双三角翼,0.8c特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec与模型滚转力矩存在相关性;在飞行器进行大迎角平飞动作时,非指令滚转运动下的滚转力矩系数C_lsec大幅增加;C_lsec能够比惯性传感器提前预测模型的滚转运动趋势,可为飞行器大迎角状态的非指令运动抑制提供一定数据依据。     

Research Advances of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2012–2014

Solar transients and their related interplanetary counterparts have severe effects on the space environments of the Earth. Therefore, the research of solar corona and interplanetary physics has become the focus of study for both solar and space scientists. Considerable progress has been achieved in these aspects by the solar and space physics community of China during 2012–2014, which will be given in this report. The brief report summarizes the research advances of solar corona and interplanetary physics into the following parts: solar wind origin and turbulence, coronal waves and seismology, solar eruptions, solar energetic particle and galactic cosmic ray, magnetic reconnection,Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) models and their applications, waves and structures in solar wind,propagation of ICMEs/shocks and their arrival time predictions. These research achievements have been achieved by Chinese solar and space scientists independently or via international collaborations.     

基于膨胀度可控的SERN设计及试验验证

单边膨胀喷管（SERN）是超燃冲压发动机的关键部件,由于其几何非对称,在发动机点火/熄火瞬间,SERN会产生较大的冷热态俯仰力矩差,影响飞行器的稳定性。现有解决方法主要是利用几何/气动调节方式,但都有不利影响。本文提出了基于膨胀度可控的SERN设计的新方法,将采用该方法得到的喷管模型B与基准喷管模型A进行了对比研究,并对模型B进行缩比冷流试验,试验与数值模拟结果吻合良好。研究结果表明：飞行马赫数为4.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A仅仅下降了0.1%,而模型B比模型A的冷热态俯仰力矩差减小了80.49%;飞行马赫数为6.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A不仅上升1.1%,同时模型B比模型A冷热态俯仰力矩差还下降12.73%,验证了设计思想的正确性,为提高SERN俯仰力矩性能提供了一种新的思路。     

Effect of solar activity on the repetitiveness of some meteorological phenomena

In this paper we research the relationship between solar activity and the weather on Earth. This research is based on the assumption that every ejection of magnetic field energy and particles from the Sun (also known as Solar wind) has direct effects on the Earth’s weather. The impact of coronal holes and active regions on cold air advection (cold fronts, precipitation, and temperature decrease on the surface and higher layers) in the Belgrade region (Serbia) was analyzed. Some active regions and coronal holes appear to be in a geo-effective position nearly every 27 days, which is the duration of a solar rotation. A similar period of repetitiveness (27–29 days) of the passage of the cold front, and maximum and minimum temperatures measured at surface and at levels of 850 and 500 hPa were detected. We found that 10–12 days after Solar wind velocity starts significantly increasing, we could expect the passage of a cold front. After eight days, the maximum temperatures in the Belgrade region are measured, and it was found that their minimum values appear after 12–16 days. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs 14 days after Solar wind is observed. A recurring period of nearly 27 days of different phases of development for hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma was found. This analysis confirmed that the intervals of time between two occurrences of some particular meteorological parameter correlate well with Solar wind and A index.     

低雷诺数下Mini-TED对翼型流动分离特性的影响PIV实验研究

介绍了安装有后移式微型后缘装置(Rearward Mini-TED)的NACA23012翼型流场结构的低雷诺数风洞实验结果。实验采用PIV技术采集了不同迎角时翼型周围的速度分布,测量了后缘附近 Mini-TED周围的详细涡旋结构,并与NACA23012原型翼型周围流场进行比较分析,以研究该 Mini-TED对翼面流动分离特性造成的影响,本实验以弦长为特征量的雷诺数为Re≈1.3×105。实验结果显示,Mini-TED对上翼面的流动分离有明显的抑制作用,尤其在较大迎角时更为有效,并且上翼面流速均高于对应迎角时原型翼型的翼面速度;下翼面流动在Mini-TED前方形成局部的低速区,造成静压升高,同时 Mini-TED 上方观察到对涡结构,形成低压区,二者共同作用的结果将导致后缘产生附加升力,增加翼型的低头力矩。上下翼面间的速度差比原型翼型有所增加,使翼型获得更高的升力。     

扰流板对内埋导弹偏航姿态角的影响

在内埋武器舱前缘设计扰流板进行流动控制,可改善内埋导弹分离过程的偏航力矩特性,从而使弹头反向舱门,保证分离航向安全。为了研究该问题,通过理论分析在内埋武器舱前缘设计了不同高度的扰流板;通过部件测力风洞试验研究了不同高度扰流板对舱内流型、内埋导弹偏航力矩特性的影响,进而分析了扰流板对内埋导弹偏航分离特性的影响;通过轨迹捕获风洞试验验证了分离偏航姿态角特性分析的可靠性。研究结果表明：在内埋武器舱前缘设计一定高度的扰流板可以有效控制舱内流型,改善内埋导弹分离的航向气动特性,提高分离航向安全性。     

近月空间带电粒子环境——“嫦娥1号”“嫦娥2号”观测结果

“嫦娥1号”（CE-1）、“嫦娥2号”（CE-2）都安装了1台太阳高能粒子探测器（High-energetic ParticlesDetectors,HPD）和2台太阳风离子探测器（Solar Wind Ion Detectors,SWIDs）,进行了月球轨道200 km和100 km空间环境探测,获得了月球轨道空间高能带电粒子（质子、电子和重离子）能谱随时间的演化特征、等离子体与月球相互作用特征以及太阳风离子速度、密度和温度参量。空间环境探测数据分析结果表明：太阳活动低年、空间环境扰动水平相对较低、月球处于太阳风中时,近月空间带电粒子环境的基本特征与行星际空间相比变化不大。CE-1、CE-2在轨运行期间,发现了多起0.1～2 MeV能量电子急剧增加事件,这些事件发生在月球从太阳风运动到磁尾的所有空间区域,其中20%的事件伴随着卫星周围等离子体离子加速。模拟和统计研究表明：能量电子急剧增加使得绕月卫星和月球表面电位大幅下降导致了离子加速现象的发生;能量电子总流量大于10¹¹ cm^-2时,绕月卫星和月球表面充电电位可达负的上千伏。此外,月表溅射与反射太阳风离子、太阳风“拾起”离子等空间环境事件的发现,揭示了太阳风离子和月球存在复杂的相互作用过程。     

砂尘环境试验风洞压力特性及控制策略

砂尘环境试验风洞的压力调节方式不同于常规回流式风洞,为了研究风洞中压力变化的动态特性,进行合理分析与简化后,应用集总参数法建立起风洞压力控制点、试验段及加砂段压力变化的动态特性模型,给出了相应的控制策略.通过仿真试验得出不同扰动因素对压力分布的影响规律,在此基础上对砂尘环境试验风洞的压力控制系统进行了仿真研究.能够有效优化风洞结构、提高承压能力及确定各部件控制精度.     

Model-independent large-scale magnetohydrodynamic quantities in magnetic clouds

Magnetic clouds are the interplanetary manifestation of coronal mass ejections, which are transient expulsions of major quantities of magnetized plasma, from the Sun toward the heliosphere. The magnetic flux and helicity are two key physical magnitudes to track solar structures from the photosphere-corona to the interplanetary medium. To determine the content of flux and helicity in magnetic clouds, we have to know their 3D structure. However, since spacecrafts register data along a unique direction, several aspects of their global configuration cannot be observed. We present a method to estimate the magnetic flux and the magnetic helicity per unit length in magnetic clouds, directly from in situ magnetic observations, assuming only a cylindrical symmetry for the magnetic field configuration in the observed cross-section of the cloud. We select a set of 20 magnetic clouds observed by the spacecraft Wind and estimate their magnetic flux and their helicity per unit length. We compare the results obtained from our direct method with those obtained under the assumption of a helical linear force-free field. This direct method improves previous estimations of helicity in clouds.     

增强立尾效益的主动流动控制

本文叙述和讨论了某些增强立尾效益的主动流动控制（AFC）技术的研究。在NASA ERA项目支持下Rensselaer学院完成了4%和5%缩比立尾模型的合成射流AFC风洞试验,加州理工学院完成了14%缩比立尾模型的振荡射流AFC风洞试验,后者表明当动量系数为1.7%时可获50%的侧向力增量。基于将上述两种AFC技术集成于飞机系统的可行性研究,Boeing在Ames NFAC（40 ft×80 ft风洞）完成了B-757全尺寸立尾风洞模型试验,在风速为100 knots,方向舵偏角为30°和侧滑角为0°与-7.5°下,得出采用31个振荡射流激振器可获得20%侧向力增量。NASA ERA项目组与Boeing共同努力在2015年春实现了装有31个振荡射流激振器的B-757 ecoDemonstrator飞行试验。飞行员反馈和13%~16%侧向力增量的飞行试验初步分析结果表明了振荡射流AFC技术的成功。