采用欧拉两相流法对翼型表面霜冰的数值模拟

基于欧拉两相流理论提出一种翼型表面霜冰的数值模拟方法.采用同位网格上的SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) 算法求解空气控制方程;提出一种可穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击,通过求解过冷水滴的控制方程得到翼型表面的水滴收集特性;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,使用积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NACA 0012翼型在0°和4°迎角下的积冰情况进行了研究,冰形预测结果与实验结果一致.通过对结冰翼面的压力分布进行分析,表明积冰对翼型气动性能会产生不利影响.     

跨声叶栅角区激波/附面层干扰的开槽控制措施

提出了使用叶根槽作为一种被动控制手段来控制跨声叶栅的角区分离问题。在压力面与吸力面的压差作用下,叶根槽可产生自发射流,为叶栅吸力面侧角区注入高能流体,从而控制跨声叶栅的角区分离问题。通过数值模拟的方法分析了在不同攻角下叶根槽对压气机叶栅性能的影响及作用机理。结果表明:在小攻角下,叶根槽射流可破坏角区环形涡,从而有效减小跨声叶栅角区分离,提高叶栅的流通能力,改善叶栅性能;在大攻角下,叶根槽射流已不能破坏角区环形涡,但仍能为角区低能流体充能,减弱角区分离,从而拓宽叶栅工作范围。在0°攻角下总压损失系数可降低11.6%,同时叶栅攻角裕度由2°拓宽为3°。      

跨声速风扇的弯、掠三维设计研究

以某小型跨声速单级轴流风扇为平台,采用数值模拟的方法,研究并探讨了弯、掠三维设计技术对具有较高负荷的跨声速轴流压气机性能改善所起到的作用和抑制流动损失增加的机理.分别探讨了在动叶上半叶高和静叶端区采用不同的弯、掠形式对风扇设计点以及等转速线上的小流量工况性能的影响.研究结果表明:动叶上半叶高采用反弯设计能够有效改变动叶端区压力梯度,减少泄漏流在出口压力面侧的堆积,增加动叶顶部的通流能力.静叶端区采用前缘反弯和尾缘正弯的复合弯、扭技术,同时实现了端区增容和控制二次流发展的目的,随着流量的减小,弯、扭设计静叶更好地控制住了端区二次流的恶化,端区损失增长明显较直叶片缓慢,风扇的稳定工作范围得到提高.      

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

Experiments of effects of inlet-air distortion on aerodynamic performance in transonic compressor

The inlet-air distortion which was caused by high angle-of-attack flight was simulated by plugboard.Experiments were conducted on a transonic axial-flow compressor's rotor at 98% rotating speed.The flow-field characteristics and mechanism of performance degradation were analyzed in detail.The compressor inlet was divided into four sectors at circumference under inlet-air distortion.They were undistorted sector,transition sector A where the rotor was rotating into the distortion sector,distorted sector and transition sector B where the rotor was rotating out of the distortion sector.The experimental results show that compared with undistorted sector,there is a subsonic flow in transition sector A,so the pressure ratio is decreased by a large margin in this sector.However, the shock wave is enhanced in distortion sector and transition sector B, and thus the pressure ratio increases in these sectors.Because of the different works at circumference,the phase angle of total pressure changes 90° when the inlet total pressure distortion passes through compressor rotor.In addition,the frequency and amplitude of disturbances in front of the rotor strengthenes under inlet distortion,so the unstable flow would take place in advance.In addition, the position of stall inception is in one of the transition sectors.      

Computations of unsteady transonic flow over airfoil at low Reynolds number

Transonic flow over a thin airfoil at low Reynolds number was studied numerically by directly solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations through 5th order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme without using any turbulence model.A series of distinguished unsteady phenomena for a thin 2-D transonic airfoil flow were presented.Due to continuous adverse pressure gradient in the subsonic flow downstream of the sonic line, the unsteady separated boundary layer with main vortex and secondary vortex was developed at the rear of the airfoil.At the trailing edge,the vortex-shedding was characterized by periodical connection of the main vortex and secondary vortex on the other side of the airfoil.The unsteady separation and vortex-shedding occurred with the same period.On the airfoil surface,the average pulse pressure related to the unsteady supersonic region was obviously smaller than that related to the vortex-shedding at the trailing edge.With the attack angle increasing from 0° to 2°, the frequency of vortex-shedding decreases about 4.2%.At last, the turbulence intensity and many second-order statistics in the wake region were investigated.      

基于分层思路的动态非线性气动力建模方法

很多非线性气动力模型难以精确预测系统的小扰动线性特征。针对这一局限,提出了一种非线性分层模型,用于辨识跨声速非线性非定常气动力。分层建模需要同时提供微幅振荡和大幅振荡两套训练样本,首先通过线性模型(如带外输入的自回归(ARX)模型)对微幅振荡样本进行建模,而后采用非线性模型(如径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN))对大幅振荡的样本与线性模型的差量进行建模,进而把线性模型和非线性模型的输出相叠加,得到分层非线性动力学模型。算例表明建立的分层气动力模型与单一自回归径向基函数(AR-RBF)神经网络模型相比不仅具有更高的数值精度,可以精确预测大幅运动中的非线性特征,而且在小扰动状态下自动退化为线性模型,能够精确刻画结构微幅振荡下的线性动力学特性。     

冷气喷射法控制激波强度的数值研究

对冷气喷射时激波受到的影响进行了多方案数值研究.在高压级静叶吸力面反射激波生成点前后5个不同位置上采用相同总压及相同温度的冷气喷射,分析了不同位置的冷气喷射对激波强度和方向影响.结果表明:在吸力面激波折射点附近喷射冷气是一种行之有效的控制激波强度的方法.冷气喷射位置位于激波折射点附近时能够对激波的强度产生影响,在接近激波折射点前部位置注入冷气对流动有积极作用,减弱了激波.      

2.4m跨声速风洞大型飞机试验不确定度评估

2.4m跨声速风洞作为中国目前唯一的大型跨声速气动力试验设备,在中国大型飞机研制中发挥着十分重要的作用。因此,对该风洞试验数据质量的评估、控制和改进提高是一项紧迫的工作。笔者通过完善不确定度计算方法、详细标定基本不确定度源和编制评估软件等工作,建立了该风洞大型飞机试验的不确定度评估方法,并对某大型飞机模型试验结果开展了具体的评估与分析,澄清了该风洞大型飞机试验数据的质量水平。     

Oscillatory thermocapillary flows in simulated floating-zones with time-dependent temperature boundary conditions

This study deals with numerical simulations of the Maxus sounding rocket experiment on oscillatory Marangoni convection in liquid bridges. The problem is investigated through direct numerical solution of the non-linear, time-dependent, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. In particular, a liquid bridge of silicon oil 2[cs] with a length L = 20 [mm] and a diameter D = 20 (mm) is considered. A temperature difference ΔT = 30 [K] is imposed between the supporting disks, by heating the top disk and cooling the bottom one with different rates of ramping. The results show that the oscillatory flow starts as an ‘axially running wave’, but after a transient time the instability is described by the dynamic model of a ‘standing wave’, with an azimuthal spatial distribution corresponding to m = 1 (where m is the critical wave number). After the transition, the disturbances become larger and the azimuthal velocity plays a more important role and the oscillatory field is characterized by a travelling wave. The characteristic times for the onset of the different flow regimes are computed for different rates of ramping.