2.4m跨声速风洞多功能支撑系统试验技术研究

针对型号研制的风洞试验需求,在2.4m跨声速风洞中开展了多功能支撑系统试验技术研究,研制了一套多功能支撑系统。该支撑系统既可实现定侧滑角连续变迎角的试验方式,又可实现定迎角连续变侧滑角的试验方式。在0.6m跨声速风洞开展了引导性试验研究,并在2.4m跨声速风洞中对该支撑系统与传统的支撑方式进行了风洞试验对比。结果表明,多功能支撑与传统支撑方式的风洞试验数据相关性良好,表明该支撑装置的研制是成功的,可应用于型号试验。     

InvesInvestigation of the Effects of Airfoil-probes on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor

In order to investigate the effects of the airfoil-probes on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor,a numerical simulation of 3D flow field is performed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor with airfoil-probes installed at the stator leading-edge(LE).The airfoil-probes have a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic performance at all operating points.A streamwise vortex is induced by the airfoil-probe along both sides of the blade.At the mid-operating point,the vortex is notable along the pressure side and is relatively small along the suction side(SS).At the near-stall point,the vortex is slightly suppressed in the pressure surface(PS),but becomes remarkable in the suction side.A small local-separation is induced by the interactions between the vortex and the end-wall boundary layer in the corner region near the hub.That the positive pitch angle of the airfoil-probe at 6.5% span is about 15° plays an important role in the vortex evolution near the hub,which causes the fact that the airfoil-probe near the hub has the largest effects among the four airfoil-probes.In order to get a further understanding of the vortex evolution in the stator in the numerical simulation,a flow visualization experiment in a water tunnel is performed.The flow visualization results give a deep insight into the evolution of the vortex induced by the airfoil-probe.     

复杂外形的动态混合网格生成方法

本文将层推进方法、四分树方法和阵面推进法相结合,建立了二维复杂外形的动态混合网格生成方法.首先用层推进方法在运动物体附近生成贴体的四边形网格,然后用四分树方法在外场生成自适应的矩形网格,而中间由三角形网格过渡.三角形网格由阵面推进法生成,并由节点松弛和"对角线交换"方法进行优化.当物体运动时,贴体的四边形网格随物体运动而运动,而外场的矩形网格保持静止.中间过渡层的三角形网格随物体运动而变形.当物体运动位移较大导致出现质量较差的单元甚至导致网格相交时,则在局部重新生成网格.利用上述动态混合网格生成方法,生成了多种含相对运动的复杂外形的动态混合网格,网格质量令人满意.     

2.4m跨声速风洞流场性能调试研究

介绍了2.4m跨声速风洞性能调试研究结果,并作了简要分析.研究结果表明,该风洞流场品质全面达到国军标指标,部分达到当今世界先进水平.该研究首次在国内四壁均为斜孔壁的大型跨声速风洞中解决了优化开闭比、加速区分布形式以及特大驻室M数参考点位置确定等一系列技术问题,表明我国大型跨声速风洞流场性能调试研究取得新进展.     

非定常数值模拟方法的发展及其在动态绕流中的应用

基于混合通量分裂的思想,通过应用Gauss-Seidel迭代求解差分方程,构造了一种时空二阶精度、无条件稳定的隐式迭代NND算法,并讨论了时间精度与稳定性,亚迭代收敛判则,几何守恒律的应用以及动壁边界条件等相关问题.通过引入一种简便易行的加权函数来综合刚性动网格生成技术和超限插值生成动网格这两种方法的优点,发展了一种计算量小、比较实用的加权动网格生成技术.作为应用实例,本文给出了多个动态物体绕流的数值模拟算例,计算结果表明了本文数值方法的成功.     

开缝空腔抑制翼型跨声速抖振的数值模拟

采用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方法计算了18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速抖振特性,分析了翼面激波振荡及流场结构演化的特点,研究了在翼型表面开通气空腔抑制跨声速抖振的可行性,对空腔深度、开缝数目对激波振荡的抑制效果进行了对比分析。计算发现,18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速激波自激振荡只有向前的运动,没有向后的运动,开缝空腔能够抑制翼型跨声速抖振,但对抖振频率影响不大;空腔深度大,抑制效果好,但空腔深度变化对振荡频率影响不大;开2、3、4个槽缝抑制抖振的效果差别不大,开缝数量对抖振频率影响不大。     

局部喘振的发生机理

为了深入研究高负荷压气机的失稳机制,明确失稳先兆局部喘振现象的发生机理,总结了某跨声压气机在均匀进气不同工作转速下失稳过程的实验结果,继而对其在进气畸变条件的失稳过程开展实验和数值研究.结果发现:在均匀进气条件下,局部喘振在低转速时并未发生,而发生于高转速情况下,推断局部喘振的发生与压气机叶根区域的相对高负荷有关.随后在高转速下降低叶根负荷,则局部喘振现象不再发生;而在低转速下升高叶根负荷,则局部喘振现象发生.所以得出结论,压气机叶根相对高负荷确实为局部喘振的发生条件.对于所研究的压气机,如果近失速点叶根扩散因子超过0.6,则会发生局部喘振现象.      

跨声速压气机动叶平面叶栅实验

对某跨声速压气机动叶根部叶型平面叶栅流场在不同冲角和进口等熵马赫数下进行了详细的测量,得到了冲角特性曲线和叶片表面及端壁静压.结果表明:负冲角及零冲角时,叶栅出口总压损失系数随进口等熵马赫数增加变化不大,而在正冲角时变化较大.相同进口等熵马赫数下,负冲角和零冲角时,叶片负荷较高;正冲角时,由于气流分离严重,叶片负荷下降,叶栅出口总压损失系数升高.随冲角由负冲角向正冲角增加,气流落后角逐渐增大,叶栅出口总压损失系数先减小后增大,最小值为0.034.冲角相同时,随进口等熵马赫数增加,叶栅出口总压损失系数总体呈增加趋势.      

单级轴流压气机叶端区二次流动的研究

为揭示某单级压气机非设计转速下影响效率和稳定性的关键因素,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统地研究了该压气机动、静叶通道内的二次流动随工况（即叶片负荷）的变化规律.对于转子,大流量工况叶端区的二次流主要以泄漏流/泄漏涡和轮毂角区分离为主,而到了峰值效率和近失速工况,整个叶高基元的过度扩压导致的叶片失速抑制了轮毂角区失速的发生.静叶叶尖端区的二次流动虽然具有三维性,但到了近失速工况它依然没有发展成为角区失速.静叶叶根的泄漏流动虽然对端壁附面层的低能流体向轮毂吸力面角区的汇聚起到了一定的抑制作用,但它对角区失速的控制效果却受到压气机不同流量工况的影响.近失速工况叶根泄漏流动抑制角区失速的能力不足是导致压气机效率下降的主要因素,而转子叶尖的二次流动造成的对整个叶尖通道的阻塞是限制压气机稳定性的关键因素.      

Characterization of component interactions in two-stage axial turbine

This study concerns the characterization of both the steady and unsteady flows and the analysis of stator/rotor interactions of a two-stage axial turbine. The predicted aerodynamic performances show noticeable differences when simulating the turbine stages simultaneously or separately. By considering the multi-blade per row and the scaling technique, the Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) produced better results concerning the effect of pitchwise positions between vanes and blades. The recorded pressure fluctuations exhibit a high unsteadiness characterized by a space–time periodicity described by a double Fourier decomposition. The Fast Fourier Transform FFT analysis of the static pressure fluctuations recorded at different interfaces reveals the existence of principal harmonics and their multiples, and each lobed structure of pressure wave corresponds to the number of vane/blade count. The potential effect is seen to propagate both upstream and downstream of each blade row and becomes accentuated at low mass flow rates. Between vanes and blades, the potential effect is seen to dominate the quasi totality of blade span, while downstream the blades this effect seems to dominate from hub to mid span. Near the shroud the prevailing effect is rather linked to the blade tip flow structure.