Experiments of effects of inlet-air distortion on aerodynamic performance in transonic compressor

The inlet-air distortion which was caused by high angle-of-attack flight was simulated by plugboard.Experiments were conducted on a transonic axial-flow compressor's rotor at 98% rotating speed.The flow-field characteristics and mechanism of performance degradation were analyzed in detail.The compressor inlet was divided into four sectors at circumference under inlet-air distortion.They were undistorted sector,transition sector A where the rotor was rotating into the distortion sector,distorted sector and transition sector B where the rotor was rotating out of the distortion sector.The experimental results show that compared with undistorted sector,there is a subsonic flow in transition sector A,so the pressure ratio is decreased by a large margin in this sector.However, the shock wave is enhanced in distortion sector and transition sector B, and thus the pressure ratio increases in these sectors.Because of the different works at circumference,the phase angle of total pressure changes 90° when the inlet total pressure distortion passes through compressor rotor.In addition,the frequency and amplitude of disturbances in front of the rotor strengthenes under inlet distortion,so the unstable flow would take place in advance.In addition, the position of stall inception is in one of the transition sectors.      

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

跨声速风扇的弯、掠三维设计研究

以某小型跨声速单级轴流风扇为平台,采用数值模拟的方法,研究并探讨了弯、掠三维设计技术对具有较高负荷的跨声速轴流压气机性能改善所起到的作用和抑制流动损失增加的机理.分别探讨了在动叶上半叶高和静叶端区采用不同的弯、掠形式对风扇设计点以及等转速线上的小流量工况性能的影响.研究结果表明:动叶上半叶高采用反弯设计能够有效改变动叶端区压力梯度,减少泄漏流在出口压力面侧的堆积,增加动叶顶部的通流能力.静叶端区采用前缘反弯和尾缘正弯的复合弯、扭技术,同时实现了端区增容和控制二次流发展的目的,随着流量的减小,弯、扭设计静叶更好地控制住了端区二次流的恶化,端区损失增长明显较直叶片缓慢,风扇的稳定工作范围得到提高.      

基于控制论隐式约束的翼型跨音速减阻优化设计

采用基于梯度的优化方法来研究气动外形优化设计问题,其梯度的计算是通过求解伴随方程得到,与传统的差分法和遗传算法相比计算量大大减小.采用一种全新的隐式约束处理方法:约束自动地满足而且设计状态不改变,因而程序设计也相对简单高效.给出的算例也达到了预期的优化设计目标.     

冷气喷射法控制激波强度的数值研究

对冷气喷射时激波受到的影响进行了多方案数值研究.在高压级静叶吸力面反射激波生成点前后5个不同位置上采用相同总压及相同温度的冷气喷射,分析了不同位置的冷气喷射对激波强度和方向影响.结果表明:在吸力面激波折射点附近喷射冷气是一种行之有效的控制激波强度的方法.冷气喷射位置位于激波折射点附近时能够对激波的强度产生影响,在接近激波折射点前部位置注入冷气对流动有积极作用,减弱了激波.      

2.4m跨声速风洞大型飞机试验不确定度评估

2.4m跨声速风洞作为中国目前唯一的大型跨声速气动力试验设备,在中国大型飞机研制中发挥着十分重要的作用。因此,对该风洞试验数据质量的评估、控制和改进提高是一项紧迫的工作。笔者通过完善不确定度计算方法、详细标定基本不确定度源和编制评估软件等工作,建立了该风洞大型飞机试验的不确定度评估方法,并对某大型飞机模型试验结果开展了具体的评估与分析,澄清了该风洞大型飞机试验数据的质量水平。     

锥—柱体跨声速绕流的物面侧体激波系

本文在实验结果基础上讨论了锥-柱体跨声速飞行时物面上产生的侧体激波系。分析了波系分布随来流M_∞数的变化;讨论了波系形成与流场内部流动机制的关系,进而解释了波系形成原因;建立了波系的一种模拟方法。最后,阐述了侧体波系研究在实际应用中的重要性。     

轴对称跨音速进气道外罩绕流的高效差分算法

 本文考虑轴对称跨音速进气道外流场的有限差分计算方法。采用守恒型位流方程、贴体坐标网格和精确边界条件,根据最佳收敛准则对轴对称情形设计出新的近似因式分解迭代格式,并将所设计的格式应用到计算皮托式进气口的轴对称跨音速流场。对几种典型进气口的计算表明,本文格式收敛快,计算结果与实验符合很好。     

带处理机匣的跨声速风扇非定常数值模拟

对带背腔的斜缝式处理机匣的三级跨声速风扇第一级转子进行了非定常的全三维时间精确的数值模拟计算,研究了机匣处理前后转子稳定裕度和性能的变化。结果表明,这种带背腔的斜缝式机匣可以大幅度地提高转子的稳定工作裕度,同时也会造成效率的降低。通过与光壁机匣对比以及分析处理机匣与转子通道之间的非定常干涉现象,本文认为该处理机匣在跨声速条件下的扩稳机理是激波在处理机匣内沿轴向静压差形成一股吹向转子叶尖前缘的非定常气流,改变了前缘气流的攻角所致。比较机匣处理后定常计算与非定常计算的结果,说明了处理机匣对转子有非定常的作用。