Effect of flexibility on unsteady aerodynamics forces of a purely plunging airfoil

Introducing flexibility into the design of a vertically flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. As less previous studies on the aerodynamics of vertically flapping flexible wings focused on the lift generated in a wide range of angle of attack·a 2D numerical simulation of a purely plunging flexible airfoil is employed using a loose fluid–structure interaction method. The aerodynamics of a fully flexible airfoil are firstly studied with the flexibility and angle of attack. To verify whether an airfoil could get aerodynamic benefit from the change in structure, partially flexible airfoil with rigid leading edge and flexible trailing edge were further considered. Results show that flexibility could always reduce airfoil drag while lift and lift efficiency both peak at moderate flexibility. When freestream velocity is constant, lift is maximized at a high angle of attack about 40° while this optimal angle of attack reduces to 15° in drag-balanced status. The airfoil drag reduction, lift augmentation as well as efficiency enhancement mainly attribute to the passive pitching other than the camber deformation. Partially deformed airfoil with the longest length of moderate flexible trailing edge can achieve the highest lift. This study may provide some guidance in the wing design of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV).     

Rotor airfoil aerodynamic design method and wind tunnel test verification

Well-designed airfoil is very important for high-performance rotor. This paper developed an efficient multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design system for rotor airfoils based on RANS analysis, and verified the performance of the optimized airfoil. Using CRA09-A as the baseline rotor airfoil, the CRA09-B optimized rotor airfoil was designed successfully. Combined with the foundation of high-precision rotor airfoil stationary test technology, the CRA09-B and CRA09-A rotor airfoils were tested in the S3MA high-speed wind tunnel of ONERA. In order to correct the aerodynamic data, a single parameter linear wall pressure method is used to consider the tunnel effects. The results indicate that multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design method developed in this study is reliable, and that CRA09-B optimized airfoil provides better stationary performance than CRA09-A airfoil in terms of maximum lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio.     

边界层吸入对方转圆进气道、风扇耦合影响

针对方转圆S弯进气道及风扇部件吸入进口边界层的影响问题,采用定常与非定常CFD数值模拟方法模拟并分析了进口吸入不同高度边界层时进气道、风扇部件的总体特性和流场特征,数值结果表明:随着进口边界层吸入厚度增加,进气道出口稳态周向总压畸变指数增大,风扇进口畸变区总压亏损增加、流量系数降低、相对气流角增大。但畸变区范围没有明显增加,进气道和风扇总体性能受进口边界层增厚影响不明显。受风扇增压作用影响,出口气流参数沿周向的畸变度得到有效削弱。     

新型人工转捩技术及风洞试验验证

给出了一种新型分布型人工转捩粗糙元设计技术,该技术解决了传统人工转捩方法在跨声速风洞试验中存在的效率低、可靠性和重复性差等问题。通过理论研究确定了该转捩技术的形式,包括粗糙元形状、高度和排列方式等技术参数以及针对不同模型的设计方案;同时对翼型模型(NACA0012)和全机模型(GBM-01或AGARD-B标模)在不同马赫数和迎角下分别进行了测压和测力风洞试验,借助升华法,对人工转捩技术的边界层转捩效果进行了验证研究。结果表明:在不同模型上使用不同的设计方案,该转捩技术可以得到可靠的固定转捩效果,并获得具有大气飞行中高雷诺数特点的气动力结果。     

多相等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验

开展了多相等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验,详细研究了翼型升阻特性随激励电压、激励相角、输入电压波形和占空比等激励参数的影响.研究表明:雷诺数Re=4.9×105(来流速度60m/s)时,多相等离子体气动激励可有效抑制NACA0015翼型吸力面的流动分离,将翼型临界失速攻角提高2°;相位对流动控制...     

Application of Active Flow Control Technique for Gust Load Alleviation

A new gust load alleviation technique is presented in this paper based on active flow control. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the beneficial effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil using arrays of jets during the gust process. Based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the grid-velocity method is introduced to simulate the gust influence, and dynamic response in vertical gust flow perturbation is investigated for the airfoil as well. An unsteady surface transpiration boundary condition is enforced over a user specified portion of the airfoil’s surface to emulate the time dependent velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, after applying this method to simulate typical NACA0006 airfoil gust response to a step change in the angle of attack, it shows that the indicial responses of the airfoil make good agreement with the exact theoretical values and the calculated values in references. Furthermore, gust response characteristic for the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil is analyzed. Five kinds of flow control techniques are introduced as steady blowing, steady suction, unsteady blowing, unsteady suction and synthetic jets. The physical analysis of the influence on the effects of gust load alleviation is proposed to provide some guidelines for practice. Numerical results have indicated that active flow control technique,as a new technology of gust load alleviation, can affect and suppress the fluid disturbances caused by gust so as to achieve the purpose of gust load alleviation.     

非结构网格在积冰数值模拟中的应用

基于非结构网格对翼型表面的积冰进行了数值模拟研究.通过求解气体欧拉方程得到翼型的绕流流场,使用穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击,采用迭代法对水滴控制方程进行数值求解,得到翼型表面的水滴收集特性;采用不同的积冰冻结模型模拟霜冰和明冰的冻结过程;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,基于积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NA...     

刷毛翼型尾缘噪声控制实验研究

利用具有全消声环境的低速开口风洞研究了采用翼型尾缘刷毛来控制翼型噪声的方法,研究了不同迎角情况下不同长度和间距刷毛对翼型远声场气动噪声的影响以及翼型表面压力的影响,并把该方法与锯齿尾缘降噪方法对比,研究了不同工况下两种降噪方案对降噪效果的影响。实验结果表明,翼型尾缘附加刷毛是一种可行的降噪方案,尤其对中低频段具有比较明显的降低效果;降噪效果与刷毛的间距和长度有关;尾缘刷毛与锯齿尾缘相比具有更优的降噪效果。附加刷毛对翼型壁面动态压力载荷的影响较小。     

翼型极大迎角风洞试验技术研究

在NF-3风洞的二元试验段开展了翼型极大迎角（±180°）条件下气动特性的试验技术研究。针对翼型极大迎角风洞试验的洞壁干扰,提出了风洞壁压信息洞壁干扰修正的改进方法。试验结果表明,发展的试验技术和提出的洞壁干扰修正方法适合于翼型极大迎角试验。     

横列式双旋翼直升机旋翼对机翼的干扰分析

针对横列式双旋翼直升机旋翼下洗流对机翼的气动干扰影响,建立了旋翼对机翼的干扰计算模型。该模型首先基于万向铰旋翼建立了挥舞运动方程,以得到桨叶挥舞角,然后对桨叶采用非定常Beddoes翼型模型计算气动力和力矩,以考虑桨叶大负扭转带来的失速影响,接着引入动力人流模型获得旋翼处的诱导速度。最后运用经典方法,以XV-15倾转旋翼机为算例,计算了配平状态下旋翼对机翼的向下载荷,并与GTRS模型数据进行了对比,验证了计算模型的合理性。