发射箱压力波传播的数值分析及试验验证

利用计算流体动力学方法建立了发射箱内燃气流场计算分析模型,对火箭弹发射时箱内压力波传播进行了数值分析,获得了箱内前后出口处的流场压力。通过合理的设计开盖压力,能可靠实现发射箱前后盖的自动开启。经飞行试验验证,数值分析结果与试验情况吻合良好,表明箱内燃气流场计算分析模型的正确性。     

Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.      

Storm-time atmospheric density modeling using neural networks and its application in orbit propagation

Upper atmospheric densities during geomagnetic storms are usually poorly estimated due to a lack of clear understanding of coupling mechanisms between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Consequently, the orbit determination and propagation for low-Earth-orbit objects during geomagnetic storms have large uncertainties. Artificial neural networks are often used to identify nonlinear systems in the absence of rigorous theory. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the storm-time atmospheric density using neural networks. Considering the debate over the representative of geomagnetic storm effect, i.e. the geomagnetic indices ap and Dst, three neural network models (NNM) are developed with ap, Dst and a combination of ap and Dst respectively. The density data used for training the NNMs are derived from the measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE. The NNMs are evaluated by looking at: (a) the mean residuals and the standard deviations with respect to the density data that are not used in training process, and (b) the accuracy of reconstructing the orbits of selected objects during storms employing each model. This empirical modeling technique and the comparisons with the models NRLMSIS-00 and Jacchia-Bowman 2008 reveal (1) the capability of neural networks to model the relationship between solar and geomagnetic activities, and density variations; and (2) the merits and demerits of ap and Dst when it comes to characterizing density variations during storms.     

Study of long path VLF signal propagation characteristics as observed from Indian Antarctic station,Maitri

To examine the quality and propagation characteristics of the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves in a very long propagation path, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, participated in the 27th Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica during 2007–2008. One Stanford University made AWESOME VLF receiving system was installed at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri and about five weeks of data were recorded successfully from the Indian transmitter VTX and several other transmitting stations worldwide. The quality of the signal from the VTX transmitter was found to be very good, consistent and highly stable in day and night. The signal shows the evidences of the presence of the 24 h solar radiation in the Antarctic region during local summer. Here we report the both narrow band and broadband VLF observations from this site. The diurnal variations of VTX signal (18.2 kHz) are presented systematically for Antarctica path and also compared the same with the variations for a short propagation path (VTX-Kolkata). We compute the spatial distribution of the VTX signal along the VTX-Antarctica path using the most well-known LWPC model for an all-day and all-night propagation conditions. The calculated signal amplitudes corresponding to those conditions relatively corroborate the observations. We also present the attenuation rate of the dominant waveguide modes corresponding to those propagation conditions where the effects of the Antarctic polar ice on the attenuation of different propagating waveguide modes are visible.     

非晶态薄带冷却铜辊用内反馈静压轴承数值模拟

由于内反馈式静压轴承具有高回转精度、大承载能力和高油膜刚度等特性,固将其引入到非晶态薄带冷却铜辊支承结构中。为了获取冷却铜辊用内反馈静压轴承的承载能力特性,利用流体力学软件建立不同偏心距下的内反馈式静压轴承油膜模型,研究不同进油压力下随偏心距变化时轴承油膜压力场分布情况并计算出其承载能力。结果表明：在同等进油压力下,油膜承载能力随偏心距的增大而增大;在同等偏心距下,油膜承载能力随进油压力的增大而增大。最终通过与工作现场实验数据比对分析,当进油压力分别为3.0 MPa和3.5 MPa时,数值模拟载荷值与实际载荷值的相对误差分别为5.3%和5.4%,证明了数值模拟结果的可靠性。     

零偏模式下太阳光压对轨迹保持控制影响分析

从某颗在轨卫星地面轨迹漂移“异常”出发,分析了该现象发生的内在机理,建立了零偏模式下（卫星姿态偏航角保持为零）光压摄动力沿迹方向累积效应解析模型,并基于历史观测数据通过轨道改进估计模型参数。最后,利用该卫星2018年真实地面轨迹对新模型预报精度进行验证。结果表明,采用新模型后,卫星地面轨迹漂移预报误差得到明显改善,为该卫星轨迹保持控制策略制定提供了技术支持。     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

流体的压强梯度是决定升力的重要因素

认为经典升力理论遗漏了一个决定升力的重要因素：流体的压强梯度。指出：地球上的流体都具有压强梯度,这是由地球引力引起的流体的一种不均匀性,这种不均匀性会在流体的运动中表现出来。运用“升腾效应”和“擅升效应”解释了一些与升力有关的现象,特别是解释了机翼的展弦比、机翼的厚度、雷诺数等对升力的影响,并设计了几个检验这两个效应的试验方法。     

砂尘环境试验风洞压力特性及控制策略

砂尘环境试验风洞的压力调节方式不同于常规回流式风洞,为了研究风洞中压力变化的动态特性,进行合理分析与简化后,应用集总参数法建立起风洞压力控制点、试验段及加砂段压力变化的动态特性模型,给出了相应的控制策略.通过仿真试验得出不同扰动因素对压力分布的影响规律,在此基础上对砂尘环境试验风洞的压力控制系统进行了仿真研究.能够有效优化风洞结构、提高承压能力及确定各部件控制精度.