专用测试装备计量特性的分析方法

为解决专用测试装备计量特性的分析评定难题，提高装备量值溯源的有效性，从装备使用者视角出发，以测试能力为基点，应用系统分析法，形成了包括方法思路、识别范围、“可计量”原则、分析步骤和结果表达等内容的计量特性分析方法。最后，以炮口冲击波测试系统为例，对该分析方法的应用进行了验证。结果表明：该方法简单易行，既可以为在役装备重新评定计量特性提供支持，也可以为新建（或在研）装备论证提供参考。     

螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响

为了找到一种改善低平尾涡桨飞机中小迎角下纵向静稳定度的方法，采用数值模拟手段研究了螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响。基于动态面搭接网格技术和非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程，首先对某T尾双发涡桨飞机进行了计算，验证了方法的精度和可靠性，然后对同向旋转（CO）、对转-内侧上洗（CNIU）和对转-外侧上洗（CNOU）3种低平尾涡桨飞机构型开展了数值模拟，分析了各构型的俯仰力矩变化特点及流场细节。研究结果表明：对于常见的CO构型，在小迎角下由于平尾整体效率降低，飞机的俯仰力矩曲线斜率较无动力构型大幅度下降；在小迎角下，CO构型左侧平尾的效率几乎丧失，但右侧平尾却具有良好的效率；CO构型左右两侧平尾的效率呈现巨大差异的主要原因在于两侧平尾当地的下洗梯度不同；3个构型中，CNOU构型的俯仰力矩特性最差，CNIU构型在整个中小迎角范围内都能保持良好的俯仰力矩特性。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of a pressurized system used in flight vehicle

For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator, a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working period shows that the general trends and magnitudes of simulation curves are in agreement with experimental measured curves. As the key component in the pressurized system, the regulator is studied by a series of numerical simulations to reveal the influences of various structure parameters on its stability. Furthermore, the variable ranges which can guarantee the stability of regulator and system are obtained to provide guidance for design. The modeling and analysis approach can be applied to other systems and components.     

Investigation into the transient flow characteristics of noble gas propellants using the pulsed inductive discharge in electric propulsion

The Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) has the advantages of repeatable startup, no corruption and in-situ propellant feed. To study the flow expansion and circuit characteristics of PITs, the circuit-fluid model is developed, and the high temperature thermodynamic and transport models are combined with the circuit-fluid model to predict the critical plasma parameters. The flow fields of initial mass of 2–8 mg and charge voltages of 10–14 kV are simulated. Comparison of the flow fields of argon and helium propellants suggests that, the flow field structures are similar. Slight differences exist on the magnitude of the density and magnetic field, caused by larger velocity in lighter atom case and difference on the ionization gap between adjacent ionization levels. Analysis of the circuit characteristics by the two-dimensional results indicates that the ratio of coil inductance to circuit inductance affects both the rise rate and phase of the plasma current, the larger the ratio, the greater the rise rate and the better the following characteristic. The calculations show that the magnetic energy obtained within the decoupling distance determines the overall performance the thruster can be obtained; self-induced field maintained by the thermal motion after the main pulse leads to the long attenuation process and difference on the total impulse when the angle of conical pylon is varied under constant coil dimension.     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

质量特性对航天器火工冲击传递影响仿真分析

航天器火工冲击环境复杂，冲击载荷的瞬态、高度非线性等特点，使得冲击响应的准确预示具有一定难度。卫星舱板上分布大量单机设备，其质量特性成为影响火工冲击传递的关键因素。根据火工冲击传递机理，建立了卫星舱板与单机设备的冲击有限元简化模型，计算了舱板上的火工冲击响应。通过与试验数据的对比，误差控制在±35dB内，验证了有限元建模的合理性。以此为基础，研究了火工冲击传递特性，为火工冲击响应预示及卫星舱板布局设计提供了参考。     

导热脂低温热导率的测试研究

导热脂的低温热导率是研究宇航用导热脂的重要参数,“瞬态热线法”是常用的测量方法之一,但受使用条件限制,实际应用中容易产生较大误差。本文提出采用改进的“瞬态热线法”即对标准流体与试样进行测量比对的方法,用于导热脂低温热导率的测量,减小了测试方法的系统误差,因而保证了测量的相对误差小于6％。在测量装置上,采用廉价的康铜丝取代了传统使用的铂丝,设计采用了容易进行拆洗的低温试验装置。文章讨论了影响导热脂低温热导率的因素。提出测量加热时间要在2 s～3 s之内以防止对流,分析了比对状态的误差影响,并给出了两种导热脂低温热导率与温度关系曲线。分析表明本文提出的试验方法可以满足宇航用导热脂研究的需求
     

火箭/冲压组合发动机工作特性分析

为分析火箭/冲压组合发动机在不同工作模态下的工作特性,对其在没有二次补燃情况下的内流场进行了数值模拟和分析,结果表明:(1)在火箭引射模态,火箭发动机应尽可能工作在其设计状态;(2)为有利于掺混燃烧,在较低的高度、较高的速度下由引射模态转换到亚燃冲压模态可能比较好;(3)在亚燃冲压模态,火箭发动机以某种低工况工作对冲压发动机的点火和火焰稳定是极为有利的;(4)在纯火箭模态,进气道关闭与否对组合发动机的整体性能几乎没有影响;为了获得较高的性能,二次喷管应采用扩张通道。     

直升机多路分流排气引射红外抑制系统气动特性计算

针对直升机用单级引射、三路分流排气红外抑制系统进行了内部流场的三维数值模拟,在给定的模拟条件下,得到如下结论:①该红外抑制系统引射能力较强,三个支路引射混合管的引射流量比存在较大差异,总压恢复系数相差甚微;②分流喷管各支路通道喷口主流出口速度和压力基本一致,对各支路引射混合管引射能力影响最大的因素是次流流道的通畅程度;③三个支路引射混合管内主流核心速度和混合管出口温度衰减程度与其引射次流流量大小相关.      

载荷扰动下可倾瓦推力轴承绝热瞬态过程分析

研究了可倾瓦滑动推力轴承在阶跃载荷扰动下的绝热瞬态行为.通过对轴承油膜参数及轴承元件的动力学建模,获得了大载荷扰动工况下可倾瓦推力轴承热瞬态运动参数的非线性响应曲线.由于瞬态分析中大的计算量及油膜力的非线性,计算中采用了Newton-Raphson法对模型进行求解.最终给出了瞬态过程中轴承最高温度、最小膜厚等参数的变化规律.结果表明:如果设计和运行不当,轴承有可能因为瞬态过程中温升过高等原因失效.