高超声速边界层转捩机理及应用的若干进展回顾

高超声速边界层转捩对飞行器的热传递、表面摩阻和流动分离等有重要影响,尤其是再入飞行器和吸气式巡航飞行器。然而,人们对边界层转捩机理中的很多问题认识还不清楚,或存在争议。本文从扰动波演化的角度回顾了高超声速边界层感受性、线性稳定性和非线性作用的国内若干研究进展,并以基于谐波共振的人工转捩技术为例示范了这些机理认识在转捩控制上的应用。扰动的产生和发展是认识边界层转捩机理的核心。通过研究扰动波来认识边界层转捩机理,开展应用创新研究对提升飞行器性能具有重要意义。     

高速颤振模型设计中颤振主要模态的判断

颤振模型设计时难以实现完全的动力学相似,需要对颤振主要模态进行合理选择。采用数值分析方法,对颤振模型设计时主要模态的选取问题进行研究。通过各阶模态振型下气动刚度系数的比较、指定运动形式下广义非定常气动力的计算和不同模态截断下颤振结果的收敛特性分析,研究了颤振分析时不同模态运动之间的相互影响,对模态运动引起的气动力和颤振特性变化进行评估。以高超翼面模型为研究对象的数值算例结果表明,几种分析方法所判断的颤振主要模态基本一致。其中基于振型的广义气动刚度系数参数,避免了非定常气动力的计算,可作为颤振模型设计或颤振分析时主要模态选取的快速判断方法。     

新型自适应Terminal滑模控制及其应用

针对一类高阶MIMO非线性系统设计了基于快速模糊干扰观测器的自适应Terminal滑模控制方案.通过设计快速模糊干扰观测器,克服了传统模糊干扰观测器在误差较小时收敛速度慢的缺点.严格证明了跟踪误差及观测误差均在有限时间内收敛到零的小区域.最后在高超声速条件下,对空天飞行器再入过程的姿态控制进行仿真,结果表明了所设计干扰观测器的优越性和闭环控制方案的有效性.      

带分流叶片离心叶轮的动力分析技术

 提出一种可用于实际带分流叶片离心叶轮的动力分析技术,其特点为在叶轮的重复扇形区域中可作多部件分割。先后应用Benfield模态代入变换和群变换,导出减缩坐标下的Hermite广义质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,求解并经变换得出完整叶轮的全部模态。和其它方法对模型和实际叶轮的分析结果以及与试验结果的比较,验证了所提方法的可靠性、实用性及明显的经济效益。     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Ti50Ni48-xFe2Ndx Shape Memory Alloys

The influences of rare earth element Nd on the phase transformation and the microstructure of Ti₅₀Ni_48−xFe₂Nd_x shape memory alloys are investigated by means of electrical resistivity, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiNiFe alloys with different Nd contents exhibit two-step martensitic transformation. The start temperature of martensitic transformation increases sharply from 212 K to 267 K when 0.1 at.% Nd is added in, and then decreases gradually if Nd content further increases. The microstructure of TiNiFeNd quaternary alloys consists of TiNi matrix, Ti₂Ni second phase, and Nd₃Ni intermetallic compound. The spherical Nd₃Ni precipitate-particles evenly disperse in the matrix.     

低碳硅锰系TRIP钢热处理工艺的研究

仅含碳、硅、锰合金元素的结构钢,采用临界区等温淬火热处理工艺,得到铁素体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体三相组织。该钢在 Ｍｓ（马氏体转变开始温度）～Ｍｄ（马氏体转变终止温度）ｄ温度之间形变,应变诱导相变,相变诱发塑性──ＴＲＩＰ,其力学性能指标大大提高。本文通过显微组织观察,力学性能结果分析,对这种低碳硅锰系ＴＲＩＰ钢三种不同的热处理工艺制度进行了研究。     

RLV再入姿态双环滑模控制及舵喷混合配置

应用滑模控制设计了一种可重复使用运载器（RLV）再入姿态控制器,该控制器应用双环的滑模控制方案,可以获得对角速度及角度的同时跟踪,并具有较好的鲁棒性和解耦性能。针对RLV再入姿态的动力面与反作用混合控制的特点,运用优化控制选择配置算法把控制力矩指令配置为末端受动器的控制指令,分别由动力面与反作用致动器来执行。再入姿态仿真验证了该方法的精度、鲁棒性以及解耦的跟踪性能及有效性。     

基于自适应反演滑模的末制导律设计

针对三维导弹-目标相对运动模型,结合反演控制、滑模控制和自适应技术,设计了一种新的自适应反演滑模末制导律。针对目标机动加速度上界难以获取的问题,将目标机动加速度视作模型的干扰,设计了一种自适应律对其进行在线估计,并将估计值补偿到制导律中。运用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的全局渐进稳定性和误差的收敛性。仿真结果证明了所设计的自适应反演滑模末制导律对机动目标的鲁棒性和有效性。     

凝相相变过程的热力计算

一般的热力计算软件很少计及凝相物质的相变过程，当燃烧产物温度接近某凝相物质的相变温度时，将出现迭代计算不收敛。根据能量守恒、喉部单位质量流量的流通面积最小和等熵关系，提出了凝相物质在燃烧室、喷喉和喷管出口处于相变过程的热力计算方法，并给出了算例。     

Flame features and oscillation characteristics in near-blowout swirl-stabilized flames using high-speed OH-PLIF and mode decomposition methods

Flame features and dynamics are important to the explanation and prediction of a lean blowout (LBO) phenomenon. In this paper, recognition of near-LBO flame features and oscillation characterization methods were proposed based on flame spectroscopic images. High-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of OH were used to capture unique dynamic features such as the local extinction and reignition feature and entrained reactant pockets. The Zernike moment demonstrated a good performance in recognition of stability and near-LBO conditions, though the geometric moment had more advantages to characterize frequency characteristics. Low-frequency oscillations, especially at the obvious self-excited oscillation frequency around 200 Hz, were found when approaching an LBO condition, which can be expected to be used as a novel prediction characteristic parameter of the flameout limit. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) were used to conduct dynamic analysis of near-LBO flames. POD modes spectra showed the unique frequency characteristics of stable and near-LBO flames, which were basically in line with those at the heat-release frequency. The primary POD modes demonstrated that the radial vibration mode dominated in a stable flame, while the rotation mode was found to exist in a near-LBO flame. Analysis of modal decomposition showed that flame shedding and agminated entrained reactant pockets were responsible for generating self-excited flame oscillations.