基于虚拟目标的导弹越肩发射初制导轨迹优化

摘要： 对具有攻角约束的空空导弹越肩发射轨迹优化问题做出研究.针对空空导弹越肩发射初制导段拐弯问题,设计了基于虚拟目标的程序指令. 基于最优控制的思想,利用高斯伪谱法求解最优程序指令,并根据所得指令的特点提出了三段式指令计算方法.在此基础上,比较了不同空域、速度以及虚拟目标位置条件对程序指令的影响.同时基于预测控制的思想,对程序指令进行在线修正,提高了导引指令的鲁棒性.三通道仿真结果表明,指令可以使导弹快速转弯并在转弯完成时指向虚拟目标.     

主-从多飞行器三维分布式协同制导方法

针对三维空间下的多飞行器协同打击问题,基于主飞行器和从飞行器架构提出了两种分布式协同制导方法,实现了所有飞行器最终对目标的同时命中。方法1在定义协调变量的基础上,通过对所选协调变量的一致性协同控制使从飞行器状态同步于主飞行器状态。方法2提出了分布式观测器对主飞行器的状态进行准确估计,各从飞行器通过跟踪观测的主飞行器状态信息实现命中时间的一致。理论分析表明,两种方法都可保证多飞行器同时命中目标。仿真结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

有界控制导弹随机最优制导律

为削弱加速度界和系统噪声对拦截导弹性能的影响,基于随机控制理论,设计了一种考虑有界控制的随机最优制导律(stochastic optimal guidance law,SOGL)。通过系统降阶与性能指标变换和随机输入描述函数近似,将拦截导弹的控制有界和状态估计误差考虑到了该制导律的设计当中。同时,为削弱目标加速度估计延迟的影响,提出了一种SOGL的补偿形式,并基于Monte Carlo方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,SOGL相比于传统的最优制导律性能得到了明显改善,而其补偿形式削弱了滤波器估计延迟的影响,更适用于目标机动存在切变的情形。     

飞船跳跃式再入第一次再入能量管理方法

针对探月飞船跳跃式再入第一次再入能量管理问题,设计了一种能量管理方法。首先,采用大倾侧角再入,快速进入能量管理阶段;然后,对能量耗散速度进行控制,并预估跃起点的能量以确定飞船的跃起时机;最后,在能量管理结束后按设计指令过渡到跃起点。为检验能量管理方法的有效性及鲁棒性,基于标准轨迹法设计制导律,并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该能量管理方法能改善轨迹跟踪性能,提高再入制导方法的精度和鲁棒性,并避免飞船在一次再入和二次再入过程中出现较大过载的现象。     

Multiobjective genetic optimization of Earth–Moon trajectories in the restricted four-body problem

In this paper, optimal trajectories of a spacecraft traveling from Earth to Moon using impulsive maneuvers (ΔV maneuvers) are investigated. The total flight time and the summation of impulsive maneuvers ΔV are the objective functions to be minimized. The main celestial bodies influencing the motion of the spacecraft in this journey are Sun, Earth and Moon. Therefore, a three-dimensional restricted four-body problem (R4BP) model is utilized to represent the motion of the spacecraft in the gravitational field of these celestial bodies. The total ΔV of the maneuvers is minimized by eliminating the ΔV required for capturing the spacecraft by Moon. In this regard, only a mid-course impulsive maneuver is utilized for Moon ballistic capture. To achieve such trajectories, the optimization problem is parameterized with respect to the orbital elements of the ballistic capture orbits around Moon, the arrival date and a mid-course maneuver time. The equations of motion are solved backward in time with three impulsive maneuvers up to a specified low Earth parking orbit. The results show high potential and capability of this type of parameterization in finding several Pareto-optimal trajectories. Using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with crowding distance sorting (NSGA-II) for the resulting multiobjective optimization problem, several trajectories are discovered. The resulting trajectories of the presented scheme permit alternative trade-off studies by designers incorporating higher level information and mission priorities.     

基于对数螺旋线的非开普勒轨道设计

基于形状的方法为非开普勒轨道设计提供了一种全新的研究思路。在假定轨道形状为对数螺旋线的前提下设计了拦截轨道。首先通过无量纲化处理方法推导出了对数螺旋线轨道的地心距、极角随时间的变化率与轨道设计参数q的关系式;其次结合运动方程,得到了飞行器沿对数螺旋线轨道运行时需要施加的推力加速度;接着分别针对初始轨道是圆和椭圆的情况进行机动轨道设计。给出了轨道设计的仿真算例和相关分析,结果表明对数螺旋线适宜于拦截轨道设计;当初始轨道为大偏心率椭圆时,采用此方法设计轨道,在一定相角范围内开始机动,可使飞行器运行时间短,且燃料消耗少。     

基于Gauss伪谱法的临近空间飞行器上升段轨迹优化

综合考虑密度变化、声速变化、发动机推力变化及地球引力等因素对飞行轨迹的影响,研究了与实际飞行环境更加相符的临近空间飞行器燃料最优爬升轨迹。针对该问题在气动数据处理和优化求解上存在的困难,提出一种基于Gauss伪谱法(Gauss Pseudospectral Method,GPM)的求解策略。首先,依据气动数据特点,设计拟合模型对气动参数进行高精度拟合;其次,为避免间接法和传统直接法的缺点,将Gauss伪谱法和序贯二次规划(Sequential Quadratic Programming,SQP)相结合,对存在边值及加速度约束的轨迹优化问题进行求解,获得最优飞行轨迹。仿真结果表明,在更为真实的飞行环境下,利用GPM和SQP相结合的方法可在5.83s获得一条精度为10-4～10-6左右的飞行轨迹。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器表面加热特点研究

高超声速滑翔飞行器具有高机动和远程快速到达能力,是高超声速技术应用的前沿领域。快速准确地预测飞行器表面受热变化特征,对高超声速滑翔飞行器热防护系统设计十分重要。以基于锥导乘波构型的高超声速滑翔飞行器和跳跃飞行弹道为研究对象,对其表面不同特征区域的加热开展了快速预测方法研究;采用选用方法分析驻点辐射平衡温度随飞行弹道的变化规律;在弹道特征位置上针对飞行器前缘及上、下表面的加热情况进行分析,获得高超声速滑翔飞行器受热的整体特征,可为分区域选择热防护措施提供参考。     

飞机舱盖重心位置对舱盖抛放轨迹影响的数值模拟

 通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程,应用嵌套动网格技术结合6-DOF运动方程,成功实现了F/A-18C战机的座舱盖抛放轨迹的数值模拟。同时,分析了座舱盖重心位置的不同对舱盖飞行轨迹和飞行姿态的影响,得出F/A-18C战机座舱盖的重心后移能缩短抛放时间,优化飞行轨迹的结论。