航空供氧装备生理研究回顾与展望

重点回顾了我国 70年代以来航空供氧装备防护生理学的研究与发展。将我国航空供氧装备生理研究归结为 :高空高总压供氧防护高空低总压供氧简化装备防护和机载分子筛制氧防护生理研究三大部分。提出未来发展几点看法。     

某型飞机进气道与发动机地面匹配实验研究

通过某型飞机进气道与某型涡喷发动机匹配的地面台架试验,用40点总压和20支周向安装的三孔针组成的测量环获得了进气道出口截面总压的分布和周向气流速度分布。计算了稳态压力周向与径向畸变,获得了它们随发动机进气流量的变化规律。发现了进气道出口的旋流与对涡,并对其形成的原因做了初步分析。测量了发动机主要性能参数如推力、排气温度等在安装飞机进气道后的变化,并分析了引起变化的原因。      

空间材料放气污染特性研究技术

文章阐述了空间材料放气污染对航天器的影响,并介绍了建立的放气污染特性研究装置和E595材料筛选标准装置,它可用于多种放气污染特性的研究,文章还给出了应用实例.     

前体非对称涡Re效应初探及其风洞模拟技术

对不同长细比(11和6.15)的细长旋成体模型在低速风洞中完成了亚临界和 临界雷诺数(Re)的测压实验研究.结果表明,只要后体尾部截断至离二涡区足够远,就不会影响由前体二涡主控的多涡系结构,并且头部扰动与非对称涡响应之间的相关关系也保持不变,这为在常规低速风洞中通过增大旋成体直径、减小长细比来扩大Re实验范围提供了实验依据.基于此技术,临界Re下低速实验结果表明细长旋成体在层流和转捩分离区的截面压力分布有明显的区别,导致在临界Re内的侧向力较亚临界显著减小,而且头部扰动对背涡流动的主控作用明显减弱,单孔位微吹气扰动主动控制技术不再适用.      

Determination of a suitable set of loss models for centrifugal compressor performance prediction

Performance prediction in preliminary design stages of several turbomachinery components is a critical task in order to bring the design processes of these devices to a successful conclusion.In this paper,a review and analysis of the major loss mechanisms and loss models,used to determine the efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,and a subsequent examination to determine an appropriate loss correlation set for estimating the isentropic efficiency in preliminary design stages of centrifugal compressors,were developed.Several semi-empirical correlations,commonly used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal compressors,were implemented in FORTRAN code and then were compared with experimental results in order to establish a loss correlation set to determine,with good approximation,the isentropic efficiency of single stage compressor.The aim of this study is to provide a suitable loss correlation set for determining the isentropic efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,because,with a large amount of loss mechanisms and correlations available in the literature,it is difficult to ascertain how many and which correlations to employ for the correct prediction of the efficiency in the preliminary stage design of a centrifugal compressor.As a result of this study,a set of correlations composed by nine loss mechanisms for single stage centrifugal compressors,conformed by a rotor and a diffuser,are specified.     

Aeroacoustic and aerodynamic optimization of propeller blades

It is of great significance to develop a high-efficiency and low-noise propeller optimization method for new-generation propeller aircraft design. Coupled with free form deformation method, dynamic mesh interpolation technology, optimization algorithm, surrogate model, aerodynamic calculation and aeroacoustic prediction model module, the integrated aerodynamic and aeroacoustic design method of propeller is built. The optimization design for the six-blade propeller is carried out. The non-reduction in efficiency, thrust coefficient and the minimum of aerodynamic noise is treated as the optimization design objective. The spatial vorticity distribution of the propeller before and after the design is also analyzed by using unsteady computational fluid dynamics method. The results show that the optimized propeller can effectively reduce the aerodynamic noise level. The maximum total sound pressure level can be reduced by 5 dB without reducing its aerodynamic performance. The developed method has good application potential in low-noise optimization design of propeller and other rotating machinery.     

正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统及其应用

动态压力是气动部件表面的关键气动参数。光学压力敏感涂料（PSP）测量技术在测量气动部件表面动态压力方面具有全域测量、不影响流场自身的优势，而光学压力敏感涂料的动态响应特性则是进行动态压力测量的决定性因素。基于声学驻波管原理，自主设计并组建了正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统，主要包含有驻波管型校准舱、声源、激光源、高频压力传感器、光电倍增管以及测控系统。对动态压力光学校准系统及某新型快响压敏涂料的实验结果表明，所组建的动态压力校准系统可产生最短响应时间12.5 μs、最大压力幅值为4.37 kPa的正弦型动态压力，其有效动态频响范围为0.4~20.0 kHz（50 μs~2.5 ms），不确定度小于0.004 9%；校准系统合理的光路布局可进行快响压敏涂料动态特性的校准，所测涂料可用于动态频响不高于9.1 kHz（响应时间为109.9 μs）的非定常流场的压力测量。     

压力波对垂直管低温气液掺混冷凝的影响

为了分析高压补燃液氧煤油发动机氧泵间管内气液两相掺混冷凝及其压力波传播过程,建立了可产生压力扰动的垂直管低温气液两相掺混实验系统,以氧气/液氧为实验工质,开展压力波对垂直管内低温气液两相掺混冷凝的影响研究,获得了不同压力波频率和氧气流量工况下的掺混图像,分析结果表明:压力波会使发散流型由微弱振荡冷凝向间歇振荡冷凝转变,使椭圆流型由稳定冷凝向振荡冷凝转变;在0~52 Hz不同频率压力波作用下,发散流型最大轴向冷凝长度与掺混孔径之比在10~30之间,椭圆流型的比值在8~15之间变化;压力波对气相摆动频率起主导性和正相关性的影响。     

大气等离子加工系统设计及实验验证

建立了面向复杂光学表面的大气等离子抛光系统,并用该系统进行硅片表面加工的实验研究.研究了CF_4、SF_6两种气体的放电特性以及加工效果,得到了加工速率与功率,流量间的关系,并通过原子力显微镜观察了加工后的表面质量.     

固态功率控制器带容能力分析方法研究

以高压直流固态功率控制器为研究对象,从热的角度分析其所能开通的最大容性负载,利用Saber软件建立功率管的瞬态热路模型,通过热仿真得出固态功率控制器开通过程中的温度变化,从而准确得出其在不同控制环境下所能开通的最大容性负载。