超声速喷流啸声的控制方法

通过实验比较了几种超声速喷流啸声的控制方法,包括附加三角凸台和开V形槽的收敛喷嘴。实验结果表明,带三角凸台和V槽的喷嘴对啸声幅值有明显的抑制,尤其是凸台喷嘴对啸声的模态也产生了明显的影响,但是啸声成分仍然存在,并且在上游方向依然占主导地位。在此基础上提出了一种新的控制方法——凸台加V槽的组合喷嘴,实验结果表明,组合喷嘴完全抑制了啸声,而且对于其它超音速喷流噪声成分的幅值也有一定程度的降低。最后还对各种结构喷嘴的气动推力损失进行了综合评估,结果表明组合喷嘴的推力损失介于V槽喷嘴和三角凸台喷嘴之间,平均推力损失在3%左右。     

汽车尾气分析仪中的大气压力补偿技术

控制汽车尾气量的增加,是减少汽车废气污染改善人类生活环境的重要措施。汽车尾气分析仪主要是通过检测汽车尾气中不同气体的含量,以达到合理控制的目的。在对气体浓度的检测中,大气压力的影响不能忽视。本文围绕这个问题,详细讨论了大气压力影响的补偿方法。     

轴流压气机转子叶尖二次涡的试验验证及形成机理

对轴流压气机转子机匣壁面静压进行动态测量,采用小波分析方法处理近失速工况动态压力测量信号,功率谱显示在与二次涡相近的频率上存在较高的能量带,能量峰值沿轴向的衰减与二次涡的变化规律相符,表明二次涡在流场中存在是可能的。针对相同转子进行全通道非定常数值模拟,计算结果表明,近失速工况下,转子圆周每个通道叶顶附近均存在规律一致的二次涡运动。叶片中后段间隙泄漏流与间隙泄漏涡破碎产生的低能流体相互作用,在泄漏涡破碎形成的堵塞区域中形成二次涡。二次涡运动使得近叶顶载荷分布发生变化,从而导致近叶顶流场出现了一种周期性的自维持的非定常流动现象。     

前置圆柱列涡轮静叶栅流场特性的数值研究

数值模拟了前置圆柱列涡轮静叶栅的三维流动,详细分析了圆柱列动静状态下叶栅流向的气动特性变化,发现不同时刻上游尾迹扫过下游叶片排不同位置,是造成多级涡轮非定常特性的主要原因。通过圆柱列动静两种状态下叶片表面压力脉动、流场变化特性的比较,发现静叶表面的压力分布存在差异,静叶前缘受上游圆柱列影响较大;随着流动的继续至叶栅流道下游,差异逐渐变小,直至消散;而叶栅前缘的差异主要通过叶片自身具有的大转折角逐步被抹平。     

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

Modeling and Optimal Design of 3 Degrees of Freedom Helmholtz Resonator in Hydraulic System

Three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) Helmholtz resonator which consists of three cylindrical necks and cavities connected in series (neck-cavity-neck-cavity-neck-cavity) is suitable to reduce flow pulsation in hydraulic system. A novel lumped parameter model (LPM) of 3-DOF Helmholtz resonator in hydraulic system is developed which considers the viscous friction loss of hydraulic fluid in the necks. Applying the Newton’s second law of motion to the equivalent mechanical model of the resonator, closed-form expression of transmission loss and resonance frequency is presented. Based on the LPM, an optimal design method which employs rotate vector optimization method (RVOM) is proposed. The purpose of the optimal design is to search the resonator’s unknown parameters so that its resonance frequencies can coincide with the pump-induced flow pulsation harmonics respectively. The optimal design method is realized to design 3-DOF Helmholtz resonator for a certain type of aviation piston pump hydraulic system. The optimization result shows the feasibility of this method, and the simulation under optimum parameters reveals that the LPM can get the same precision as transfer matrix method (TMM).     

基于Stern-Volmer关系式的压力敏感涂料特性研究

Stern—Volmer关系式建立了荧光光强与表面压力之间的函数关系,是光学压敏涂料测压技术的理论基础和核心。从光化学的基本理论和基本模型出发,推导和整理出多种形式的SterwVolmer关系式,并简要评价分析了每种形式的特点及适用范围,同时,基于Stern-Volmer关系式衍生式,研究分析了压力测量值偏差、最优测压范围和压力灵敏度等压敏涂料特性参数的规律特点以及对PSP测量的影响,得出了一些对PSP测压技术工程应用具有重要参考意义的结论,     

考虑背景孔隙的单开孔两空间结构的风致内压响应研究

风致内压对建筑结构的安全性有着显著的影响,在结构抗风设计时不容忽视。本文基于合理的假定,利用非定常伯努利方程、质量守恒定律和绝热气体状态方程推导了有背景孔隙的单开孔两空间结构的内压响应非线性控制方程组,并通过数值算例分析了背景孔隙对内压响应的影响。结果表明:本文导出的内压控制方程组可很好地分析有背景空隙的单开孔两空间结构的风致内压响应;无背景孔隙时,内侧房间的内压响应要高于外侧房间;背景孔隙所引入的附加阻尼使得两房间的内压响应均受到抑制。这些研究成果对结构风致内压有理论与实际应用的价值。     

喘振压力信号对某综合调节器nL、nH、Tt5通道的校正试验及研究

在分析通道校正电路的内部连接方式的基础上，按不同的SST指令和nHC换算转速分类进行了试验。通过喘振压力信号对综合调节器的校正试验，得到了喘振压力信号对nL,nH和TQ通道的修正关系。修正结果表明修正效果与SST指令和nHC换算转速的大小密切相关。     

低浸渗压力制备短纤维增强铝硅合金复合材料

利用液态浸渗技术制备了氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料。结果表明，在低压下使液态合金浸渗纤维预制件制备铝基复合材料是可行的，在浸渗过程中，液态合金的温度对浸渗压力有较大影响。所制备的复合材料组织均匀，基体中的共晶组织可依附在纤维表面形核生长。