Effect of surface roughness on microwave brightness temperature from lunar surface: Numerical analysis with a hybrid method

A hybrid method, combining the radiative transfer theory and the method of moments (MoM), is proposed to study the potential effect of the lunar surface roughness on the microwave brightness temperature. The total upward emission reaching the lunar surface from below media is calculated by the radiative transfer theory, and then the brightness temperature is obtained by weighting the bidirectional transmission coefficients which is computed using the MoM. The method is validated by both flat and rough surface models with analytic solutions. With the hybrid method, brightness temperatures from simulated lunar model are calculated and compared to those from a flat layered model. The comparisons show that the effect of rough surface on brightness temperature cannot be ignored and also depends on many other factors, such as observation angle and polarizations. For vertical polarization, an optimal observation angle may exist to reduce the effect of surface roughness. These results indicate that the knowledge of lunar surface roughness is important in microwave remote sensing to the Moon and may probably provide a guide to lunar projects in future.     

切削加工优化研究

本文通过切削加工机理的研究，建立了切削加工的数学模型，为难加工材料切削用量的选择提供了科学的方法。     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

建立室内虚拟长度基线场的可行性探讨

提出了利用两平面反射镜多次反射来虚拟室外基线场,在室内完成检定光电测距仪及全站型电子速测仪测距部分的解决方案;在现有技术的层面上对该方案所面临的技术难题进行了探讨,对其可行性进行了论证;对该方案实施1000 m测长的不确定度进行了详细的分析和计算,得出了该方案完全可行的结论.     

温度畸变发生器研制

介绍了航空发动机温度畸变试验装置的工作原理、设计技术要求、主要设备以及用涡喷和涡扇发动机调试和对比试验的结果。调试结果证明：该装置具有高的工作可靠性、可控性和稳定性,高温区平均温升值可达10－400K,绝对温升率可达300－5500K/s,可用于空气流量为30－150kg/s各类燃气涡轮发动机的温度畸变试验。     

AZ91镁合金负压消失模铸造充型速度的研究

真空度、浇注温度及模样厚度对AZ91镁合金消失模铸造充型速度影响的全因子实验的结果表明 ,它们都对充型速度起积极的作用 ,真空度是决定充型速度的一个关键工艺参数。在不抽真空时 ,充型速度非常小且随充型过程的进行逐渐降低 ,浇注温度对充型速度的影响也很小 ;抽真空时 ,充型速度在充型过程中不断变化且呈现不出任何规律 ,其起伏的幅度随真空度、浇注温度和模样厚度的增大而增大 ;在真空度较低时 ,随着真空度和 或浇注温度的提高 ,平均充型速度迅速增大 ,真空度与浇注温度对充型速度的交互作用增强 ;在较高的真空度下 ,平均充型速度仍随浇注温度的提高而增大 ,但平均充型速度的增大速率却随真空度的进一步提高而降低 ,真空度与浇注温度对充型速度的交互作用很弱。模样厚度对平均充型速度影响在抽真空时有所提高。     

快速加热下铜再结晶织构的形成模型与模拟

基于形核的Gibbs-Thomson关系理论和由晶粒尺寸效应引起的优势生长机制。综合各种理论，建立了铜再结晶织构解析式数学分析模型。计算机模拟结果表明，在较慢的加快速度下，完全再结晶时织构为单一的立方组分；在快速加热条件下，完全再结晶时织构可由立方织构组分和保留的冷轧织构组分所组成；再结晶织构受加热速度的影响。     

微波辐射定标场地面接收机通道自校准设计

微波辐射定标场的地面接收机是卫星雷达外定标的主要设备之一，由于整个雷达系统对精度要求很高，因此作为系统外定标的地面接收机，其自身参数的实时校准就显得尤为重要。本文对地面接收机的接收通道设计了一种自校准方案，阐述了其校准原理和校准步骤，并给出了设计实现框图，分析了其中的关键技术。     

30CrMnSiA钢连接座超塑性等温精锻技术的研究

 <正> 超塑性等温锻造作为新工艺自70年代以来,已在航空航天、机械电子、轻工行业等得到推广应用。长时间内,国内主要在钛合金、铝合金等工业材料上开展了成形研究和应用。本文则对高强度30CrMnSiA钢连接座件进行了超塑性等温成形工艺试验,并在钢的超细化预处理和变形中组织结构变化等研究的基础上进行成形工艺的研究。     

新型飞机除冰车加热系统温度控制器研究

以新型飞机除冰车加热系统为研究对象，通过分析实验数据，首次提出了除冰液流量全量程范围内的加热系统数学模型，并综合应用模糊理论设计Fuzzy自整定PID参数的Smith预估控制器。MATLAB仿真结果表明，应用这种方法设计出的控制策略能较好地适应飞机除冰车模型参数的大幅度变化，并具有良好的稳态精度和自适应能力。