金属间化合物TiAl(W,Si)合金的蠕变行为和机制

 研究了 Ti-47Al-2 W-0.5 Si合金在 650～ 750℃区间的蠕变行为和变形机制。结果表明,合金 650℃蠕变寿命与施加应力之间符合线性的双对数关系,可用表达式 lg^t_f=10 lg^R+30来描述。蠕变寿命与最小蠕变速率之间满足 Monkman-Grant关系的修正式。合金的比蠕变强度与抗热腐蚀镍基高温合金 K438G相当。在700℃变载荷下蠕变时具有与恒载荷下蠕变相类似的特征。 800℃长期时效粗化合金组织,降低蠕变寿命。位错滑移和形变孪生是合金蠕变的主要变形机制。     

航空燃气涡轮冷气掺混流动损失的数值研究

采用理论分析的研究方法,对不同冷气掺混形式造成的涡轮气动性能的变化进行了数值计算研究。针对气膜冷却所造成的流动损失,采用修正的Ito等压混合模型;而针对尾缘冷气喷射所造成的流动损失,则采用了修正的Schoberi流动损失模型。对于不同的冷却方式,假定它们之间对主流造成的流动损失是相互独立。以某高压涡轮导向器作为研究对象,分析了各种冷气参数和几何参数对冷气掺混过程的影响规律。研究结果表明,涡轮叶片气冷过程引起的叶栅总压损失随冷气入射角度、吹气比、混合层厚度的变化而显著变化,通过优化设计可以使气冷过程造成的流动损失最小。     

新型活动密封件的研究与应用

根据飞机液压系统橡胶密封圈使用中易出现老化,引起串油、串气等故障问题,结合某机型试验提出新材料密封圈改进方案,以满足系统的高温及动密封性使用要求。试验结果表明,新材料密封圈适合高温、动密封部位的使用,可以替代丁腈试5171橡胶密封圈,应用于液压系统,提高系统性能。     

温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确牲研究

为了确定温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确性，需要对温度传感器辐射修正校准结果进行对比及不确定度分析。本文介绍了在热校准风洞中进行温度传感器辐射修正校准的结果，并做了对比研究和不确定度分析。     

Semi-analytic Solution of Steady Temperature Fields During Thin Plate Welding

Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduced to solve the temperature field characterized by high gradients. The basic idea of the method is to semi-discretize the governing equation of the problem into a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method, by which the thermal boundary condition with high gradients are directly embodied in formulation. Thus the temperature field can be obtained by solving the ODEs. As a numerical example, the variation of an axisymmetrical temperature field along the plate thickness can be obtained.     

Solar Irradiance Variability Since 1978

Since November 1978 a set of total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from space is available, yielding a time series of more than 25 years. Presently, there are three TSI composites available, called PMOD, ACRIM and IRMB, which are all constructed from the same original data, but use different procedures to correct for sensitivity changes. The PMOD composite is the only one which also corrects the early HF data for degradation. The results from the detailed analysis of the VIRGO radiometry allow a good understanding of the effects influencing the long-term behaviour of classical radiometers in space. Thus, a re-analysis of the behaviour of HF/NIMBUS-7 and ACRIM-I/SMM was indicated. For the former the situation is complicated by the fact that there are no in-flight means to determine changes due to exposure to solar radiation by comparison with a less exposed radiometer on the same spacecraft. The geometry and optical property of the cavity of HF is, however, very similar to the PMO6-type radiometers, so the behaviour of the PMO6V radiometers on VIRGO can be used as a model. ACRIM-I had to be revised mainly due to a henceforth undetected early increase and a more detailed analysis of its degradation. The results are not only important for solar radiometry from space, but they also provide a more reliable TSI during cycle 21. The differences between the revised PMOD composite and the ACRIM and IRMB are discussed by comparison with a TSI reconstruction from Kitt-Peak magnetograms. As the PMOD composite is the only one which has reliable data for cycle 21, the behaviour of the three solar cycles can now be compared and the similarities and differences discussed.     

我国航空材料的腐蚀与防护现状与展望

评述了我国航空材料腐蚀与防护技术的现状,主要介绍了我国在自然环境试验、户内加速试验、腐蚀机理和测试、高温防护涂层以及表面处理和防护技术,展望了我国航空材料腐蚀与防护技术的发展趋势及应用前景.     

原位合成TiC/Ti基复合材料氧化行为

研究了TiC/Ti基复合材料在550℃,600℃和650℃空气中恒温氧化行为.分析了增强体TiC对钛基复合材料氧化动力学行为的影响,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧化层表面的相组成、形貌以及氧化层剖面的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:TiC/Ti基复合材料的氧化层由金红石型的氧化物TiO2组成;增强体TiC能够提高钛基复合材料的抗氧化性,而且随着TiC增强体含量的增加,钛基复合材料的抗氧化性增加;这主要是因为TiC增强体能够促进致密氧化膜的生成.氧化动力学曲线为抛物线类型.     

非比例加载下GH4169高温多轴疲劳行为研究

利用薄壁管拉扭疲劳试样, 在高温控制应变循环加载下研究高温合金GH4169的多轴疲劳行为.高温多轴疲劳试验采用比例与非比例加载路径.在试验过程中,利用数据采集系统全程记录拉与扭的应力响应值以研究比例与非比例拉扭加载下的循环特性.研究结果表明,高温拉扭非比例加载下,疲劳寿命有明显降低;拉与扭应力响应多为循环软化,无明显的循环稳定现象.在低频加载下,由于高温蠕变效应加大,使循环软化速度加快,表现为曲线下降明显.在整个疲劳过程中,扭转应力响应分量均显示循环软化现象,而拉压应力响应分量的硬化与软化特性取决于应变加载参数.     

冷却剂不同流动方式对膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热的影响

为了解液体火箭发动机膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热特性,对某一参考发动机推力室和另外两种面积比的膨胀循环推力室建立三维计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法,考察冷却剂的温升、冷却通道压降以及推力室内壁面温度和热流密度的分布情况.重点比较了不同燃烧室圆柱段长度、冷却剂不同流动方式以及不同面积比对以上结果的影响.计算过程中采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程.计算结果表明:采用逆流冷却时,通过加长推力室圆柱段长度使推力室受热面积增加70%后,冷却剂温升提高了一倍左右;对膨胀循环推力室进行再生冷却时,采用顺流冷却要比逆流冷却的冷却通道压降低,但同时冷却剂温升也较低,并且对喉部壁面的冷却效果较差.