滚动轴承摩擦力矩的乏信息模糊预报

滚动轴承摩擦力矩的波动具有不确定性,属于概率分布与趋势规律都未知的乏信息系统.这阻碍了对轴承摩擦力矩的小样本分析与总体把握.为此,以模糊集合理论为基础,从小样本入手,建立了航天轴承摩擦力矩参数的经验概率密度函数及其模糊预报模型,并对摩擦力矩的均值上界和最大值上界进行预报.对HKTA和HKTB两种轴承摩擦力矩参数的试验研究表明,在99%～100%置信水平下,预报结果与试验结果之间的误差很小,最大绝对误差仅为0.081 1个设定单位,最大相对误差仅为10.165%,可以满足航天工程的要求.      

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

改进的参考电压矢量获取方法

针对基于空间矢量调制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制方法中,参考电压矢量获取涉及电机参数,而电机参数的变化又导致预测结果不可靠的问题,提出了一种不依赖电机参数的参考电压矢量获取方法。通过对转矩误差以及定子磁链幅值误差进行PI控制,对其输出量分别分配一定的权重,用其绝对值的加权,作为参考电压矢量幅值的控制量,用其比值作为确定参考电压矢量相对于定子磁链矢量角度偏差的依据。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好克服电机参数变化造成的影响,从而试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

An estimation of Envisat’s rotational state accounting for the precession of its rotational axis caused by gravity-gradient torque

The rotational state of Envisat is re-estimated using the specular glint times in optical observation data obtained from 2013 to 2015. The model is simplified to a uniaxial symmetric model with the first order variation of its angular momentum subject to a gravity-gradient torque causing precession around the normal of the orbital plane. The sense of Envisat’s rotation can be derived from observational data, and is found to be opposite to the sense of its orbital motion. The rotational period is estimated to be $(120.674\pm 0.068)·\exp \left((4.5095\pm 0.0096)\times {10}^{-4}·t\right)\text{s}$, where t is measured in days from the beginning of 2013. The standard deviation is 0.760?s, making this the best fit obtained for Envisat in the literature to date. The results demonstrate that the angle between the angular momentum vector and the negative normal of the orbital plane librates around a mean value of $8.53°\pm 0.42°$ with an amplitude from about $0.7°$ (in 2013) to $0.5°$ (in 2015), with the libration period equal to the precession period of the angular momentum, from about 4.8?days (in 2013) to 3.4?days (in 2015). The ratio of the minimum to maximum principal moments of inertia is estimated to be $0.0818\pm 0.0011$, and the initial longitude of the angular momentum in the orbital coordinate system is $40.5°\pm 9.3°$. The direction of the rotation axis derived from our results at September 23, 2013, UTC 20:57 is similar to the results obtained from satellite laser ranging data but about $20°$ closer to the negative normal of the orbital plane.     

基于有效磁链观测器的内置式永磁同步电机的无差拍直接转矩控制

为提高永磁同步电机驱动系统的性能,提出一种无速度传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无差拍直接转矩控制方法。在建立电机离散化模型的基础上,导出了转矩与磁链的无差拍电压控制律。采用图形化辅助解析的方法,直观地表达了无差拍直接转矩控制电压矢量解的物理含义。将无差拍直接转矩控制与基于有效磁链观测器的速度估算方法相结合,实现了IPMSM的无速度传感器控制。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于占空比调节的无刷直流电机直接转矩控制

传统直接转矩控制(DTC)在每一个控制周期对电机施加一个不变的电压矢量,从而导致较大的转矩脉动,而且开关管的开关频率不固定。为减小转矩脉动同时使开关管的开关频率恒定从而提升系统的稳定性,将占空比调制技术引入到无刷直流电机(BLDCM)DTC系统当中,并研究了4种占空比生成方法对转矩脉动的抑制效果。由于引入了占空比调制技术,零电压矢量和非零电压矢量作用的时间随占空比的改变而改变,因此能够对转矩进行更精细的控制从而抑制转矩脉动。仿真和试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于Ansoft Maxwell对单相步进电机性能影响因素的分析

基于Ansoft Maxwell有限元分析软件,对单相步进电机性能的影响因素进行分析。分析结果表明:使用温度、输入电压显著影响电机性能,在设计时应充分考虑电机的应用领域及工况;同轴度、气隙会对电机的性能产生一定影响,应确保同轴度和气隙的最佳设计;形位公差对电机性能的影响最小,可忽略不计。     

温度对小型柔性接头力矩特性的影响

为了研究柔性接头在固定压强下力矩特性随温度的变化,设计了弹性材料为硅橡胶的小型柔性接头,测试了一系列0.1MPa容压条件下柔性接头在正弦激励下的动态特性,获得了不同温度时接头的摆角力矩曲线。根据接头在摆角为0°时的力矩获得摩擦力矩,根据摆角力矩曲线的近线性部分获得弹性比力矩,在此基础上研究了温度对各个力矩的影响。结果表明:作动力矩随温度的升高而减小,但温度对作动力矩的大小影响很小,库伦摩擦力矩随温度的升高而增加,弹性比力矩和总比力矩因发生热弹逆变现象随温度的升高先减小后增加,动态弹性模量和损耗系数随温度的升高而降低,能量损耗受动态弹性模量和损耗系数变化影响随温度的升高而降低.      

柔性接头摩擦特性与橡胶损耗模量相关性研究

为研究柔性接头摩擦特性与橡胶损耗模量的相关性,设计了弹性材料为不同硅橡胶的2种柔性接头,测试了一系列常温常压条件下柔性接头在正弦激励下的动态特性。对比了不同摆动频率和摆角下柔性接头摩擦力矩与橡胶材料粘附摩擦系数的关系,以及柔性接头摩擦损耗与橡胶材料单位阻尼能的关系,在此基础上研究了橡胶材料损耗模量对柔性接头摩擦特性的影响。结果表明,摩擦力矩与橡胶材料的常系数、损耗模量和应变的乘积成正比,摩擦损耗与损耗模量和应变平方的乘积成正比。     

基于计算力矩法的眼内手术机器人的重力补偿

为了提高一种具有远程运动中心(RCM)机构的眼内手术机器人的定位精度和稳定性,在建立机器人坐标系的基础上,通过动力学等效,对机器人各构件质心瞬态位置进行分析。根据拉格朗日方程建立机器人动力学模型。提出基于计算力矩法的重力补偿方法。在此基础上,通过MATLAB/Simulink软件对重力补偿模型进行仿真。比较独立比例微分(PD)控制方法及重力补偿方法的各关节运动响应曲线,表明重力补偿模型可有效补偿重力项;同时,分析重力补偿模型响应曲线与期望曲线的误差,证明重力补偿模型具有较高的补偿精度和可行性。