TA15 钛合金等温局部加载各加载区的组织和性能

研究了不同加载方式下TA15钛合金方坯先加载区、过渡区和后加载区的组织和力学性能。结果表明:只采用局部加载时,先加载区和后加载区的室温和高温性能优于过渡区的性能,各区的持久性能差别不大;采用先局部后整体的加载方式时,过渡区的室温和高温性能优于其他两个加载区,但过渡区的持久性能明显较差。只采用局部加载时,各区的组织性能优于先局部后整体加载时各区的组织性能。     

高压球形气瓶焊缝结构设计与焊接工艺

研究了气瓶赤道焊缝区的结构优化设计和焊接工艺改进措施,焊缝区渐变补强设计提高了焊缝区的应变协调性,改进电子束与焊缝作用方式解决了内部飞溅问题,采用优化的电子束工艺参数进行焊接。结果表明:焊接接头质量达到了GJB1718A—2005《电子束焊接》标准Ⅰ级焊缝,焊缝及热影响区力学性能与母材相当,气瓶进行鉴定试验,性能指标满足设计要求。气瓶焊缝结构优化设计,降低了焊缝处应力水平,减少应力集中,通过改进焊接工艺提高了电子束焊缝质量。     

TA15钛合金薄板等离子弧对接焊缝疲劳特性研究

为了探索钛合金等离子弧焊接头的疲劳性能,本文依据TA15标准试件和轧制板材试件疲劳试验数据处理结果,采用当量应力集中系数法,在TA15薄板等离子弧焊和对接焊缝磨削组合工艺试件的疲劳试验基础上,确定了中值当量应力集中系数和安全当量应力集中系数,最后建立了该TA15薄板的S-N曲线,给出了应用结论。     

增材制造钛合金微桁架夹芯板低速冲击响应

增材制造技术能够制造复杂点阵结构。相比于传统的加工工艺,可以一次成型,克服了低速冲击下传统工艺芯层与面层在连接点处易发生脱粘的问题。利用低速落锤试验装置对增材制造面心立方（FCC）夹芯板和体心立方（BCC）夹芯板进行了低速冲击试验,获得了两种微桁架点阵夹芯板的破坏模式和冲击响应曲线。低速冲击下,微桁架夹芯板上面层在冲击部位产生局部凹坑,并出现裂纹,其余部位没有大变形。试验结果表明在相同能量冲击下,BCC夹芯板的凹坑深度要小于FCC夹芯板,BCC夹芯板的抗冲击性能要优于FCC夹芯板;建立有限元模型,较好地表征了低速冲击过程中微桁架结构的损伤。发现在低速冲击过程中,对于两种微桁架点阵夹芯板,冲击能量主要由上面层和芯层吸收;冲击能量改变,夹芯板各部分吸能百分比变化较小。BCC夹芯板和FCC夹芯板结构稳定,整体性好;低速冲击下,FCC夹芯板最先发生破坏的部位是上面层与芯层连接处;而BCC夹芯板最先发生破坏的部位是中间竖直桁架。     

TC18钛合金焊接接头力学性能试验研究

氩弧焊和电子束焊是钛合金加工中两类常见的工艺方法,对比研究两种工艺对焊接接头力学性能的影响对其在工程中的合理选用具有重要的参考价值。完成了TC18钛合金氩弧焊接头和电子束焊接头的静力拉伸及旋转弯曲疲劳试验,并根据试验结果对两类焊接接头的力学性能进行了对比分析,采用统计学方法给出了二者的中值疲劳寿命SN曲线及疲劳极限。研究结果表明：氩弧焊接头焊缝区内晶粒粗大,使得材料的力学性能明显劣化;电子柬焊接头具有更高的抗拉强度与更好的高周疲劳性能,更有利于工程应用。     

Primary Solidification Phase and Lamellar Orientation in Directionally Solidified Ti-45Al-7Nb Alloy

Primary solidification phase and lamellar orientation are investigated in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy at very high ratio of temperature gradient to growth rate (G/v) by a liquid-metal-cooled directionally solidified method. It shows that Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy solidifies with primary α phase. Longitudinal (parallel to growth direction) microstructure shows that α dendrites in solid-liquid mushy zone are discontinuous and transverse microstructure of α dendrites is worm-like feature. Growth direction of α phase is about 80° away from〈0001〉α direction, and close to〈1120〉α direction. The corresponding lamellar orientation is aligned at the angle of about 10° to growth direction, which is consistent with α-dendrite growth direction according to Blackburn orientation relationship. Therefore, due to the altered growth direction of α phase, the lamellar orientation in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy is controlled at the G/v ratio of 5×109 K·sm-2.     

柔性电极电火花强化钛合金表面性能

采用旋转的柔性铜电极与钛合金表面在高频脉冲电源的作用下进行电火花表面强化,使空气中的氧等元素在放电形成的高温高压条件下与钛合金表面发生反应。结果表明:该试验条件下可以使钛合金表面硬度相对基体提高237%～399%;强化层厚度达到21～157μm;通过能谱分析(Energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)及X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析表明,在钛合金表面生成了钛的氧化物等强化物质和钛与铜、锌等的合金;强化表面不存在明显的传统放电蚀除凹坑,但有明显机械刮磨涂覆痕迹,同时单脉冲放电能量被分散,使得表面粗糙度值的提高量较小且可控;在氢氟酸和硝酸混合溶液中,强化层具有较高的抗腐蚀能力,经过点面磨损测试表明,强化层表面耐磨性能相对于基体表面有显著提高。经强化,能够获得具有良好耐磨性、抗腐蚀性、表面良好的钛合金。     

TC4钛合金薄壁带筋锥形环辗轧充填规律

钛合金薄壁带筋锥形环件是航空航天关键基础构件,型槽充填不满、截面轮廓难以精确成形,是该复杂异形环件精密辗轧成形面临的瓶颈问题。本文分析了影响型槽充填行为的关键影响因素,即决定塑性变形行为的每转进给量、以及决定每转进给量在环件内外表面分配比例的驱动辊半径和芯辊半径;以某TC4钛合金薄壁带外筋锥形环辗轧为研究对象,通过ABAQUS的VUAMP子程序开发,建立了实现以常每转进给量进给的芯辊运动闭环控制有限元仿真模型;进而模拟揭示了每转进给量、驱动辊半径和芯辊半径对型槽充填质量(充填率、型槽入口变形及其均匀性)的影响规律。结果表明:随着每转进给量增大,充填率先增大后减小,表明存在一个最佳的每转进给量最利于充填;随着每转进给量增大,型槽入口区域变形越小且分布越均匀,可有效抑制该区域产生裂纹缺陷;随着驱动辊半径增大,充填率逐渐减小,不利于型槽充填;随着芯辊半径增大,充填率逐渐增大,有利于型槽充填。     

矩形截面型材拉弯成形

针对铝合金矩形中空截面挤压型材进行了不同预拉和补拉的拉弯成形试验研究,获取了预拉和补拉对成形精度的影响规律.截面畸变是影响成形精度最主要的因素,由弯曲过程中的径向压力引起.试验表明,型材靠模弯曲即发生截面畸变,主要表现为上腹板的塌陷,沿型材长度方向截面畸变量不同,最大畸变量并不位于型材中间对称截面处;增大预拉和补拉,截面畸变增大.弯曲卸载回弹是影响零件贴模度的主要因素,其大小受多种因素影响,规律复杂.增大预拉和补拉,回弹减小;当预拉和补拉增大到一定值时,增大拉伸量减小回弹的效果不再明显.     

Effects of traverse speed on weld formation,microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy joint by bobbin tool friction stir welding

ZK60B (Mg-6% Zn-0.6% Zr) alloy joints fabricated by bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) with various traverse speeds were investigated. The sound joint fabricated by the BTFSW was possible under the appropriate welding parameters. The severe plastic deformation during BTFSW resulted in dispersion and segregation of the Zr-rich particles within the stirred zone (SZ) followed by evolution of a bimodal grain structure with distributed bands of 0.8–1.7 μm ultrafine grains and 4.1–7.1 μm equiaxed grains. Micro-hardness of SZ is substantially reduced in contrast to that of parent metal (PM) in spite of the finer grain size owing to dissolution of Mg-Zn based precipitates having hardening effects on alpha-Mg matrix. With the decrease in traverse speed, randomization degree of the plasticized metal flow increases, which is evidenced by the randomized arc line pattern at the low traverse speed. Among all defect-free joints, the 200 mm/min joint exhibits the weakest isotropy of texture within SZ and the best tensile properties, which has reduced ultimate tensile strength and yield strength by 5.4% and by 22.2%, respectively, as compared to the PM. The randomized texture hinders the joint fracturing within SZ at low elongation. Therefore, a relatively high elongation of 10.8% was achieved, which corresponded to 72% of the PM value.