基于RANS/LES混合方法的分离流动模拟

飞行器在大迎角、快速俯仰机动时,流场中含有大尺度、非定常的涡结构,传统雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型不能准确模拟流场结构,根据国际上相关研究的发展趋势,需要采用混合RANS/大涡模拟（LES）模型来对复杂分离流动进行准确模拟。本文对基于分区混合与湍流尺度混合的双重RANS/LES混合计算模型进行发展与应用。通过典型简化模型的静、动态湍流大分离流动,测试和验证所采用的脱体涡模拟（DES）类方法,重点研究改进的延迟DES （IDDES）模型在动态问题应用中的正确性和有效性,并对所采用的数值模拟方法和相应的计算软件的可靠性、鲁棒性以及精度进行了考核验证。典型算例包括超声速圆柱底部流动、跨声速方腔流动、NACA0015机翼深失速分离涡模拟等。计算表明：发展的IDDES类混合计算模型可有效解决对数层不匹配的问题;对于定态非定常分离流动,DES、DDES、IDDES等模型计算结果差别不大,随着流动的非定常特性增强,IDDES模型的优势逐渐显现;对于动态非定常分离流动,则需要采用IDDES类模型。     

面向一体化计算的整体式液体冲压发动机建模及性能评估

为发展冲压发动机性能工程预估方法,建立了面向一体化计算的整体式液体冲压发动机性能计算模型,并使其兼容基团贡献算法,提高了拓展性。利用模型分析了冲压发动机在攻角0°～6°、高度0～18km、马赫数2.0～3.5、余气系数1.0～2.9范围工况多维度连续变化下,比冲、推力系数和燃油质量流量的速度-高度特性、高度-节流特性、节流-速度特性以及攻角特性。研究结果表明:性能计算模型可在一体化计算条件下、基团贡献算法允许范围内,不依赖试验数据对冲压发动机性能预估,计算结果与技术参考值相比相对误差均小于14%。推力系数和比冲具有基本一致的速度-高度特性和相似的高度-节流特性,受燃气组分影响,推力系数和比冲的节流-速度特性差异明显。燃油质量流量的变化规律不同于比冲和推力系数,在进入平流层后呈现折缓趋势,而呈现连续性,速度越大、高度越低、余气系数越小,燃油质量流量越高,反之则越小。引入攻角以后,攻角越大,比冲和推力系数越低,进气道起动马赫数越高;攻角-起动马赫数曲线小范围内近似线性,攻角超过5.6°非线性加剧。     

高温高速气流总焓接触测试法对比分析

发动机尾焰、燃烧加热、电弧加热器等高温高速气流总焓测量存在较大误差,采用结构优化的质量吸入水冷焓探针,标定后的驻点热流和驻点压力探针(Fay-Riddell公式法)对高温高速气流总焓进行了对比测试。结果表明:焓值为2.5~5 MJ/kg时,焓探针的测试误差约为3.38%,采用Fay-Riddell公式法获得焓值的误差约为3%。焓探针与Fay-Riddell公式法平均偏差约为4.65%。在地面模拟试验时采用两种测焓方法确定测试精度,对减小高温高速气流测焓误差,提高试验模拟精度具有积极的作用。     

Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application

It is imperative to develop multifunctional erosion and corrosion resistant coatings for compressor blades of aircraft engines in harsh environment. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology has the advances in processing erosion-resistant coatings; however, the performance of PVD coatings to combat corrosion depends on various coating defects. Determining and comparing the corrosion performances of PVD TiN/Ti coating and uncoated TC4 alloy was the main objective of present work. The 960 h salt spray corrosion and 116 h hot corrosion tests were conducted to simulate the grounding and working environments of the aircraft compressors. The corrosion mechanisms due to the coating defects such as pinhole, columnar boundary and large grain were analyzed based on the OM, Confocal microscope, electrochemical measurements, SEM, XRD and EDS results. Owing to the disordered state associated with the columnar boundary and the coating defect, nitrogen could be easily replaced by oxygen in the hot corrosion process, these structures were channels for fast diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, the Gibbs energy changes of Ti oxidation and TiN oxidation were thermodynamically calculated according to the working condition of aircraft compressors, and considerable research effort was focused on mapping out the phase diagram of Ti, TiN and high pressure gases. The findings of this research can provide insights into developing multifunctional coatings for future aircraft engines.     

整体弹性结构法及在叶片流固耦合分析中的应用

针对三维叶片时域流固耦合振动响应计算普遍耗时的问题,采用一种假设整体结构的模态位移,求解固体时域响应和实现高效网格变形,发展了一种3维时域流固耦合分析的整体弹性结构方法,并应用于压气机叶片0°和180°相位角的气动稳定性分析中。结果表明,所发展方法的计算结果与传统双向时域算法和文献的结果较为吻合,而计算效率相比于传统算法显著提升;在所分析的两个相位角下,叶片振动的气动阻尼均随流量减小先增大后降低,相比于0°相位角,180°下叶片的气动稳定性大幅提高,表明该方法能有效应用于叶片的工程流固耦合研究。     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

石墨填料对浸渗热解-熔融浸渗方法制备的C/SiC复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用石墨树脂浆料浸渍三维针刺碳毡增强体,热解后得到C/C多孔体,并采用反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料.研究了石墨填料对C/C多孔体的结构以及C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响.结果 表明,石墨树脂浆料浸渍时树脂填充束间小孔形成结构致密的亚结构单元,而石墨可以有效填充胎网层等大孔隙,一次浸渍热解后碳产率有效提高.所得...     

除冰气囊以及简化模型对气动特性影响研究

除冰气囊作为涡桨类飞机常用的除冰系统,评估其对全机气动特性的影响对飞行性能与安全有重要意义。基于某飞机上安装的气囊除冰系统,采用CFD 方法模拟其工作时的全机气动特性,研究气囊简化模型对计算结果的影响。结果表明：随气囊膨胀高度增加,对全机气动特性影响显著,失速迎角提前约10°,最大升力系数损失近60%,最大升阻比降低约2.9;受膨胀气囊外形影响,机翼前缘呈展向流动特征,后缘流动分离区域长度与除冰气囊的安装长度相当;机翼前缘压力分布受膨胀气囊外形的影响出现震荡,从而影响整个翼面的压力分布;随简化气囊膨胀高度增加,失速迎角最大提前约1°,最大升力系数损失约21%,最大升阻比降低约2.2。     

碳/碳复合材料表面纳米HAp/壳聚糖生物复合涂层的制备

以声化学法合成的纳米羟基磷灰石(HAp)为起始原料,以异丙醇作为分散介质,采用水热电泳沉积法在经壳聚糖(CS)溶液改性后的碳/碳复合材料(C/C)表面沉积纳米HAp/CS生物复合涂层.重点研究了水热条件下沉积电压对复合涂层的晶相组成、形貌和结构的影响规律.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对所制备的涂层进行表征.结果表明:随着沉积电压的升高,涂层更加致密和均匀;同时水热环境有利于纳米HAp晶粒的生长,制备出的HAp/CS复合涂层不需要后续热处理.     

飞行器最优机动策略研究方法及进展

回顾了国内外最优机动策略研究的理论和方法,着重论述了近几年国内外的最优轨道机动策略问题的研究状况,比较了国内外的发展差别,讨论了轨道最优机动策略的发展趋势,为我国飞行器最优轨道机动策略研究方向提供了有意义的参考。