火箭基组合循环(RBCC)发动机性能分析

介绍了采用引射火箭模式的RBCC发动机工作原理,并在对其概念设计模型进行简化的基础上,进行了RBCC发动机系统性能分析,评估了RBCC发动机系统主要设计参数(发动机系统出口截面直径和燃料化学反应后的总温)的变化对其性能(推力、推力系数和比冲)的影响,认为:1)燃料经过加热后,推力和推力增益都上升了69.97%,比冲增加了180.18%;2)随着二次燃烧过程中燃烧室温度的上升,发动机的推力、推力增益和比冲得到了很大的提高,火箭发动机的性能得到了很好的改善;3)随着RBCC发动机系统出口截面直径的增加,尾气对发动机的反推力、推力增益以及比冲急剧下降,不利于其性能的改善。     

燃烧室新材料在卫星双组元低推力发动机上的应用

对有代表性、有发展前途的几种新材料进行比较 ,并根据应用新材料的低推力发动机燃烧室的结构特点 ,分析了不同冷却方式对双组元低推力发动机性能损失的影响 ,为双组元低推力发动机燃烧室的材料选择、加工工艺、设计优化提供参考。     

基于双量程推力传感器的精确测力技术

针对双量程推力传感器在使用中测试精度低的问题,结合传感器固有特性,开展了传感器动态特性分析及误差补偿方法的研究。通过有限元分析和力锤冲击试验,结合结构分析获得了双量程力传感器等效二自由度和三自由度动力学模型。利用近似求积数值法对冲击力试验输出信号进行补偿,获得了接近标准信号的测试结果,对该补偿方法进行了有效性验证。结果显示:本方法对发动机试验的推力信号进行了补偿,推动了单室双推力发动机推力的精确测量,为双推力发动机的推力测试提供了有效途径。     

单OSV服务多卫星的转移轨道优化研究

利用混合法解决了有限推力作用下单OSV服务多卫星的转移轨道优化问题.首先从OSV携带燃料的角度出发,初步筛选出在其服务范围内的服务对象,基于双脉冲交会假设,确定了服务序列以及时间节点;其次针对每一段转移轨道,利用Pontryagin极小值原理推导出最优控制律,设定开-关-开的发动机工作方式,将初始协态变量和开关机时间进行参数化处理,采用遗传算法对非线性规划问题进行求解;最后对整条轨道进行拼接优化.仿真结果表明,混合法对协态变量初值猜测敏感性小,降低了搜索最优转移轨道的难度,且控制轨线光滑.     

两类激波捕捉格式的性能分析

考虑了两类典型的激波捕捉格式:特征形式的MUSCL(Monotone Upstream-centred Schemes for Conservation Laws)格式和WENO(Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)格式.MUSCL格式在作特征变换时使用了局部线性化的思想,并且针对波系的性质施加相应的限制器;通过逐维重构实现有限体积法的WENO格式.针对一维、二维和三维Euler系统进行数值实验.在一维和二维的情况下,特征形式的MUSCL格式在接触间断的捕捉上具有较明显的优势,而对于激波的捕捉则差别不大.对于三维问题则是WENO格式对流场的分辨更精细.最后对上述结果给出解释,并且提出了可能的改进方法.     

A lunar cargo mission design strategy using variable low thrust

A design technique for a near optimal, Earth–Moon transfer trajectory using continuous variable low thrust is proposed. For the Earth–Moon transfer trajectory, analytical and numerical methods are combined to formulate the trajectory optimization problem. The basic concept of the proposed technique is to utilize analytically optimized solutions when the spacecraft is flying near a central body where the transfer trajectories are nearly circular shaped, and to use a numerical optimization method to match the spacecraft’s states to establish a final near optimal trajectory. The plasma thruster is considered as the main propulsion system which is currently being developed for crewed/cargo missions for interplanetary flight. The gravitational effects of the 3rd body and geopotential effects are included during the trajectory optimization process. With the proposed design technique, Earth–Moon transfer trajectory is successfully designed with the plasma thruster having a thrust direction sequence of “fixed-varied-fixed” and a thrust acceleration sequence of “constant-variable-constant”. As this strategy has the characteristics of a lesser computational load, little sensitivity to initial conditions, and obtaining solutions quickly, this method can be utilized in the initial scoping studies for mission design and analysis. Additionally, derived near optimal trajectory solution can be used as for initial trajectory solution for further detailed optimization problem. The demonstrated results will give various insights into future lunar cargo trajectories using plasma thrusters with continuous variable low thrust, establishing approximate costs as well as trajectory characteristics.     

过失速下俯敏捷性及纵向控制效能需求研究

结合飞行安全和作战效能需求,对过失速战斗机的大迎角/过失速迎角下俯敏捷性指标及纵向控制效能需求进行了研究.为了满足飞行品质和过失速敏捷性指标要求,采用非线性动态逆方法设计了某推力矢量飞机快回路和慢回路飞行控制律.在此基础上,根据过失速下俯敏捷性和滚转敏捷性指标要求,对所需的最小俯仰推力矢量偏角进行了计算分析,所得结果对先进战斗机的设计有一定的参考价值.     

Design for aircraft engine multi-objective controllers with switching characteristics

The aircraft engine multi-loop control system is described and the switching control theory is introduced to solve the regulating and protecting control problems in this paper. The aircraft engine multi-loop control system is firstly described and the control problems are formulated. Secondly, the theory of the smooth switching control is devoted and a new extended scheme for the smooth switching of a switched control system is introduced. Then, for the key technologies of aero-engines switching control, a design algorithm is presented which can determine which candidate controller should be put in feedback with the plant to achieve a desired performance and the procedure to design the aircraft engine multi-loop control system is detailed. The switching performance objectives and the switching scheme are given and a family of PID controllers and compensators is designed. The simulation shows that using the switching control design method can not only improve the dynamic performance of the aircraft engine control system and reduce the switching times, but also guarantee the stability in some peculiar occasions.     

Sailing at the brink – The no-limits of near-/now-term-technology solar sails and SEP spacecraft in (multiple) NEO rendezvous

Near-Earth object (NEO) in-situ exploration can provide invaluable information for science, possible future deflection actions and resource utilisation. This is only possible with space missions which approach the asteroid from its vicinity, i.e. rendezvous. This paper explores the use of solar sailing as means of propulsion for NEO rendezvous missions. Given the current state of sail technology, we search for multiple rendezvous missions of up to ten years and characteristic acceleration of up to 0.10 mm/s². Using a tree-search technique and subsequent trajectory optimisation, we find numerous options of up to three NEO encounters in the launch window 2019–2027. In addition, we explore steerable and throttleable low-thrust (e.g. solar-electric) rendezvous to a particular group of NEOs, the Taurid swarm. We show that an acceleration of 0.23 mm/s² would suffice for a rendezvous in approximately 2000 days, while shorter transfers are available as the acceleration increases. Finally, we show low-thrust options (0.3 mm/s²) to the fictitious asteroid 2019 PDC, as part of an asteroid deflection exercise.     

High performance two degrees of freedom attitude control for solar sails

The purpose of this paper is to present a high performance solar sail attitude controller which uses ballast masses moving inside the sail’s booms as actuators and to demonstrate its ability of performing time efficient reorientation maneuvers. The proposed controller consists of a combination of a feedforward and a feedback controller, which takes advantage of the feedforward’s fast response and the feedback’s ability of responding to unpredicted disturbances. The feedforward controller considers the attitude dynamics of the sailcraft as well as the disturbance torque due to the center of pressure offset to the center of mass of the sailcraft. Additional disturbance torques, like those coming from the environment or from asymmetry of the spacecraft structure, are then handled by the feedback controller. Simulation performance results are finally compared against results available in the literature.