分析有限大内部开裂板的复变-变分方法及其应用

 本文利用复交函数方法导出了含内部裂纹有限大板的应力及位移的全场解。用变分原理处理边界条件,求解了含中心裂纹、孔边裂纹、偏心裂纹有限大板的应力强度因子,并对用铆接加强环加固以后的孔边开裂板进行了分析和计算。算例表明,本方法收敛快,省机时。     

一种改进的DTR算法

在机队相继萌生疲劳裂纹的间隔比q小于1的假设下，建立了一种修正的DTR计算模型，并用算例进行了验证。验证结果表明：修正DTR计算模型与原DTR计算模型的DTR计算值相对差随疲劳裂纹萌生条数的增加而增大；随相继裂纹萌生间隔比的增加，两种计算模型的DTR计算值相对差减小。     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.     

HRS定向凝固过程中固/液界面位置控制

 本文通过在计算机上模拟固/液界面位置受到控制的整个HRS定向凝固过程、求出使固/液界面稳定在隔热板及其附近时抽拉速度的调节规律。依此规律,利用一个以TP 801 B单板机为核心的控制系统对铸件的HRS定向凝固过程进行实时控制。用Al—4.5％Cu合金试样进行了验证试验。结果表明:受控HRS定向中、固/液界面很快趋近于隔热板并在定向过程中稳定在隔热板附近。对界面位置实行控制能有效提高固/液界面前沿温度梯度及其稳定性明显改善定向凝固显微组织。     

TiC/Al复合材料在锌液中均匀化机理分析

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）法制备高TiC颗粒含量的TiC／Al复合材料。利用自制的实验装置研究复合材料中TiC颗粒在静止锌液中的均匀化过程。结果表明：当锌液温度低于铝的熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置于锌液后，锌向其内部扩散，引起复合材料表层内液相线温度降低，当表层内Al-Zn合金的液相线温度等于或低于锌液温度时，Al-Zn合金便处于熔融状态，TiC颗粒随其一起从TiC／Al复合材料块上脱落，并不断地向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中；而当锌液温度高于铝熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置入后，锌和铝同时进行扩散，但是当复合材料表面温度达到铝熔点时，铝开始熔化，铝的熔化导致TiC颗粒的脱落，脱落下来的TiC颗粒不断向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中。     

某型飞机翼身主交点框下部疲劳寿命试验

介绍了某型飞机翼身主交点框下部疲劳寿命的试验方法及其结果, 还介绍了考虑预加高载对结构疲劳寿命影响的元件疲劳寿命试验。文章指出, 随着飞机使用范围的扩大, 环境影响引起的材料腐蚀损伤已成为飞机机体结构的致命杀手。在主交点框下部发生的环境腐蚀疲劳裂纹问题就是一个实例, 必须引起飞机总设计师和广大设计人员的重视。     

基于宽带综合业务数字网／ATM的航天测控网管理系统组成及性能研究

本文根据宽带综合业务数字网／ATM的特点、功能及发展前景，针对我国航天测控网的现状和未来测控任务的需求，提出了我国航天测控网管理系统的构成、管理模式等思想。这些对航天测控网管理系统的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

绕凸台的高超声速分离流动研究

本文研究高超声速流动绕三维低凸台的流动特性。凸台高度与边界层厚度之比介于0.5～0.8,凸台周边倾角介于14°～45°。在高超声速风洞中,来流马赫数为5,单位雷诺数为2.6～6.0×10~7/米。实验过程中测量了模型中心线及特殊部位之表面压强分布,根据纹影记录及表面流动显示确定激波与边界层干扰流场特性及分离区的变化。发现分离区在中心线上距凸台最远,而在凸台肩部距周边沿法线方向最近,确定了中心线上最大压强比的位置。