基于等值线约束的地磁匹配方法

地磁辅助导航是组合导航技术研究的新方向.简要介绍了地磁辅助导航的基本原理和发展现状,并重点对地磁匹配方法进行了研究.地磁匹配是利用地磁图进行定位的方法,位置输出可用于限制惯性导航系统的误差积累.提出了一种改进的基于等值线约束的相关匹配算法,能够有效消除导航系统的初始位置误差并能限制匹配过程中惯性导航系统的积累误差.仿真实验证明,该算法能有效提高相关匹配的实时性,并能把定位精度控制在地磁数据网格间距以内.该算法对航向误差具有一定的适应性.      

基于在线约束限制的飞行器预测校正制导

针对传统预测校正算法在再入过程中弹道性能与约束无法保障等问题,提出了一种基于倾侧角参数化的离线弹道优化与在线预测校正相结合的再入制导方法。基于平衡滑翔条件对过程约束进行分析,并证明了倾侧角剖面对射程的单调性。离线部分通过控制量参数化(CVP)方法构建控制模型,并使用序列二次规划(SQP)方法对弹道进行优化,从而大幅度提高弹道性能。在线部分利用Gauss-Newton法实时对弹道进行迭代求解,得出满足终端约束的倾侧角剖面,引导飞行器平稳、精确地飞向末端能量段并满足射程约束,Gauss-Newton法求解弹道具有收敛速度快、精度高的特点。针对高升阻比飞行器导致平衡滑翔条件难以成立以及飞行过程中的强干扰使约束超出的问题,提出了一种约束限制方法,对再入时的过程约束进行了有效的保障。仿真结果表明,本文方法对投放偏差、飞行器参数与大气模型等不确定因素具有良好的鲁棒性,对弹道性能的保障具有工程应用价值。     

考虑导弹自动驾驶仪动态特性的新型制导律

针对拦截空中飞行目标需要满足零脱靶量和攻击角约束提高导弹制导性能等问题,首先,利用考虑噪声干扰的扩张状态观测器对目标加速度进行估计,其次,改进一种非奇异终端滑模面,将自动驾驶仪视为理想环节,然后,基于终端滑模控制理论和有限时间收敛理论推导一种滑模制导律,最后,考虑自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性,将得到的滑模制导律结合动态面控制法提出一种新型制导律。分别以不同的攻击角对机动飞行和匀速飞行的目标进行拦截,大量仿真表明,所提制导律具有良好的制导性能,能够保证导弹在零脱靶量击中目标的同时达到期望攻击角。     

输入受限的吸气式高超声速飞行器自适应Terminal滑模控制

 针对吸气式高超声速飞行器的纵向运动模型,研究了输入受限时控制系统的设计问题,提出了一种内外环相结合的自适应Terminal滑模控制方法.以迎角和俯仰角速度作为内环控制对象,考虑到气动弹性模态和外部干扰,采用反步设计方法,设计出升降舵的自适应Terminal滑模控制律;以飞行速度作为外环控制对象,采用动态逆设计方法,设计出输入燃料当量比的动态逆自适应控制律,同时利用多层神经网络逼近控制律的饱和特性.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了采用此控制策略可以保证闭环控制系统的所有信号都是指数收敛至系统原点的一个有界邻域内,同时飞行器的气动弹性模态都是渐近稳定的.仿真结果表明,此控制策略能有效地处理吸气式高超声速飞行器在纵向运动过程中控制输入饱和受限的约束,在完成控制目标的同时,具有良好的过渡过程品质.     

三维公差分析中工程尺寸驱动原理与应用

由于产品标注的工程尺寸和建模参数之间存在差异,参数化驱动技术在公差分析中的应用范围受到限制,提出了基于工程尺寸驱动技术的公差分析方法.将传统尺寸转化为产品模型上几何元素之间的约束关系,分析工程尺寸集和建模参数集之间的映射机理;把工程尺寸的驱动问题转化为非线性方程组的求解问题,并采用牛顿迭代法进行计算.这些方法在UG系统上得以实现,并通过实例分析进行了验证.     

路径约束的时间最短多脉冲交会全局优化

不同于现有的多脉冲最优交会研究多集中于交会时间固定的最省燃料优化,研究了路径约束和脉冲受限的多脉冲最短时间交会问题。综合考虑了交会测量视场角、脉冲总量和脉冲作用时刻等约束,基于Lam-bert交会算法,建立了多脉冲交会最短时间优化的非线性规划模型。为了高效获得全局最优解,采用了模拟退火算法用于非线性优化问题的求解。最后,通过解决一个寻的三脉冲交会问题验证了模型和算法的有效性。该研究方法可寻找满足特定约束条件的最优交会轨道。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

Guaranteed performance based adaptive attitude tracking of spacecraft with control constraints

The guaranteed performance control problem of spacecraft attitude tracking with control constraint, disturbance and time-varying inertia parameters is investigated. A new saturation function is designed to satisfy different magnitude constraints by introducing a piecewise smooth asymmetric Gauss error function. Based on the mean-value theorem, the constrained problem is transformed into an unconstrained control design subject to an unknown bounded coefficient matrix. To satisfy the constraints by performance functions, a tracking error constrained control is developed based on a hyperbolic arc-tangent asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). In the backstepping framework, an adaptive robust control law is proposed by employing a smooth robust term simultaneously counteracting the parametric and non-parametric uncertainties, where the unknown coefficient matrix resulting from the control constraint is compensated by a Nussbaum function matrix. Rigorous stability analysis indicates that the proposed control law realizes the asymptotically tracking of spacecraft attitude and that the tracking error remains in a prescribed set which implies the achievement of the guaranteed transient performance. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical results.     

Topology optimization of joint load control with geometrical nonlinearity

This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures. The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to reflect the structural response and the joint load distribution under large deformation. To avoid a failure of fastener joints, topology optimization is then carried out to minimize the structural end compliance in the equilibrium state while controlling joint loads intensities over fasteners. During nonlinear analysis and optimization, a novel implementation of adjoint vector sensitivity analysis along with super element condensation is introduced to address numerical instability issues. The degrees of freedom of weak regions are condensed so that their influences are excluded from the iterative Newton-Raphson (NR) solution. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. The effects of joint load constraints and geometrical nonlinearity are highlighted by comparing numerical optimization results.     

弹载大视场星惯组合深度融合导航技术

为了降低弹载星惯组合（Stellar-INS）飞行中段对调姿观星的要求，提高星惯组合姿态精度，提出了大视场（LFOV）星惯组合深度融合导航方法。小视场（NFOV）星敏感器输出星矢量为主，大视场星敏感器可同时输出姿态和星矢量信息，分别推导了基于星敏感器输出姿态和星矢量信息的观测方程，分析了星矢量和姿态观测方法之间的关联性。建立了包含星惯安装误差、陀螺误差以及初始平台误差角的星惯组合全误差项模型，基于线性卡尔曼滤波给出了深度融合导航方法。开展了数学仿真验证，分析了不同调姿观星路径约束下，大/小视场星惯组合性能差异。结果表明，大视场星惯组合深度融合导航方法不仅可以降低调姿观星约束要求，还可以实现组合姿态性能提升。