Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

中国股票市场中的现状偏好现象研究

理性人假设历来饱受诟病,现状偏好现象在成熟资本市场广泛存在.西方行为金融学学者提出了现状偏好理论,而该理论在我国鲜有实证支持.尝试提出了以中国股票市场的正负收益率对换手率的不对称影响来衡量现状偏好现象的理论,选择了我国2011年1月4日至2012年9月28日之间上交所和深交所挂牌的主板A股的数据进行实证分析,发现中国股票市场存在明显的现状偏好现象,并计算出该时期上交所主板A股的现状偏好系数为9.61％,上交所主板A股的现状偏好系数为11.11％.     

Validation of the in-flight calibration procedures for the MICROSCOPE space mission

The MICROSCOPE space mission aims to test the Equivalence Principle with an accuracy of 10^-15${10}^{-15}$. The drag-free micro-satellite will orbit around the Earth and embark a differential electrostatic accelerometer including two cylindrical test masses submitted to the same gravitational field and made of different materials. The experience consists in testing the equality of the electrostatic acceleration applied to the masses to maintain them relatively motionless. The accuracy of the measurements exploited for the test of the Equivalence Principle is limited by our a priori knowledge of several physical parameters of the instrument. These parameters are partially estimated on-ground, but with an insufficient accuracy, and an in-orbit calibration is therefore required to correct the measurements. The calibration procedures have been defined and their analytical performances have been evaluated. In addition, a simulator software including the dynamics model of the instrument, the satellite drag-free system and the perturbing environment has been developed to numerically validate the analytical results. After an overall presentation of the MICROSCOPE mission, this paper will describe the calibration procedures and focus on the simulator. Such an in-flight calibration is mandatory for similar space missions taking advantage of a drag-free system.     

降低气动非线性的高超飞行器总体优化方法研究

针对高超声速飞行器严重气动非线性特性给控制系统设计提出的高要求,基于推广的随控布局思想,从控制系统设计角度对高超声速飞行器总体提出气动非线性程度低的优化设计指标。引入高超声速飞行器气动非线性特性度量——非线性度的定义,通过气动工程估算建立非线性度与飞行器总体外形参数关系的表征模型,将非线性度表示为总体外形参数的函数;采用遗传算法求解以总体外形参数为决策变量和以非线性度最小为目标函数的优化问题;最终确定随控优化思想下的高超声速飞行器总体优化策略。算例分析表明,本文提出的总体随控优化方法对于改善高超声速飞行器的气动非线性特性简单有效。     

基于角速率和速度增量的捷联惯性导航算法研究

捷联惯性导航算法一般是基于惯性器件输出为角速率、比力或角增量、速度增量进行设计的,不能直接应用于陀螺输出为角速率、加速度计输出为速度增量的捷联惯性导航系统。为了解决此问题和满足精度要求,重新设计了一套捷联惯性导航算法:姿态更新算法采用了经典的四阶龙格-库塔法,推导出了一种新的速度更新算法,该算法可以有效补偿速度计算中的划桨效应误差。仿真结果表明,该种速度更新算法仿真速度快、精度高,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于数字信号特征提取的测频方法研究

传统的幂次谱特征能简便有效地提取信号特征并测量参数,但在样本数较少、信噪比较低的情况下,特征就变得不明显了。利用最佳采样点再进行幂次的非线性运算,能够完成特征提取及载频的精确测量。经仿真实验和实际工程验证,在信噪比不大于10dB、样本数不大于1000个符号时,该方法切实、有效。     

电子工艺与管理专业教学实践

本文介绍了学院电子工艺与管理试点专业教改的背景、依据及专业教学改革的指导思想和目标,对本专业的教育定位与培养目标、构建理论和实践课程教学体系、改革与建设等环节进行了探索和实践。     

尚逸帆，康志宇，张庆展，杨东春

美国和苏联现有的舱外载人机动装置（MannedManeuveringUnit,MMU）推进系统设计均采用两套独立系统互为备份的方式,主系统故障后可以启动备用系统,但备用系统故障则无应对方案,因此制约航天员的安全性和舱外活动能力。文章在常规主备份推进模式基础上提出了应急推进模式,备份推进器发生故障后,根据失效发动机组相对位置关系采用不同应急策略,剩余有效推进器通过联合控制的方式保证航天员六自由度控制。经过可行性分析和仿真计算,证明了应急模式下MMU推进能力有一定降低,但能够为航天员返回提供动力,应急推进模式具有可行性。     

阵风响应问题的配点型区间分析方法

最新的先进飞行器设计进展已经认识到定义多种类型的不确定性的重要意义。现有的气动弹性理论面临的一个重要问题是如何处理阵风激励和结构中的不确定性参数。给出了弹性机翼构件受到阵风作用时的控制方程。考虑了阵风模型和机翼结构中存在的不确定性参数,将其用区间向量定量化并一元化处理,基于第一类Chebyshev正交多项式和区间配点方案,结合有限元计算方法,提出了一种阵风响应问题的配点型区间分析方法(CIAM),推导了配点型区间分析方法的数学表达式。该方法避免了计算响应函数对不确定性参数的灵敏度(偏导数),放宽了不确定性参数变化范围为小区间的要求。为解决含有不确定性参数的阵风响应问题提供了一种新的可行途径。通过与Taylor区间分析方法(TIAM)的比较,数值算例表明,该方法能够得到一个包含精确响应值的足够"紧"的阵风响应区间。显示了该方法的优越性,具有工程指导意义。