利于翼型优化设计的超临界翼型参数化方法

为减少超临界翼型优化中的设计变量,消除优化结果的不光顺现象、保证C₂连续,在优化过程中控制翼型几何特性的变化范围,设计出了由4条首尾相接的有理Bézier曲线表示的超临界翼型的翼型参数化方法,该方法对翼型数据的参数化过程中主要运用了Bézier曲线拟合算法与SPSA(Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation)优化算法,并在Bézier曲线拟合算法中使用了有别于常用方法的数据点参数选择方法.将这种超临界翼型参数化方法与优化算法结合便可实现翼型优化设计,其中的设计变量为21个,优化结果不仅光顺且满足C₂条件,通过设定设计变量变化范围便可控制相应的翼型前缘半径、上下弦最高最低点的位置与曲率、尾部契角等几何特征.      

双色测温系统的研究

本文介绍了一种用微机控制的双色测温系统。简要描述了双色测温系统的测量原理和系统结构，着重对发射率和谱线带宽的影响进行了分析，提出采用仿真处理修正测量误差的方法，从而实现了物体表面温度的高精度自动测量，最后给出了仿真修正的结果。     

热处理对激光增材制造TC4合金耐蚀性及室温压缩蠕变性能的影响

随着钛合金装备在航空、航天、航海等领域的使用逐渐增多,其服役环境日益严苛,对构件材料的抗腐蚀性能及室温应力蠕变性能提出了更高要求。针对钛合金耐蚀性及抗压缩蠕变的性能,分析了激光增材制造TC4合金不同热处理状态试样电化学及室温压缩蠕变性能,并结合蠕变曲线修正了蠕变第Ⅰ阶段本构方程的参数。结果表明,双重退火处理会显著减小增材制造TC4钛合金中α板条长径比与尺寸,而固溶时效可使α板条长径比增大、尺寸减小,导致了材料耐蚀性、屈服极限以及抗压缩蠕变性能的变化。沉积态合金经过固溶时效后自腐蚀电流降低64.92%,稳态蠕变应变率降低46.31%,蠕变应变降低50%。而经过双重退火后合金自腐蚀电流降低26.14%,稳态蠕变应变率提升111.20%,蠕变应变提升48.68%。相比于铸锻工艺制备TC4合金蠕变本构方程,修正后的拟合系数与蠕变曲线吻合度更高。     

GJB 150.3A中高温试验程序剖析(一):GJB 150A/150高温试验程序及其相互关系

文章分两部分就GJB 150.3A《军用装备实验室环境试验方法 第3部分:高温试验》中的高温日循环贮存和日循环工作,高温恒温贮存和恒温工作试验模拟的环境、适用对象及其特点进行详细分析。第一部分着重介绍GJB 150.3A的各试验程序及其与GJB 150.3和MIL-STD-810C中各试验程序的关系;第二部分对GJB 150.3A提供的自然和诱发的温度日循环数据作为贮存或工作试验条件可应用于哪类设备进行说明,并对目前GJB 150.3A在型号工程应用中一些疑问、误解和问题进行分析和说明。     

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

间接热控在高分辨率光学遥感器恒温控制中的应用

针对高分辨率光学遥感器(以下简称高分遥感器)恒温控制要求的不断提高,文章分析了传统热控技术的优势与不足,提出采用间接热控技术进行大口径高分遥感器恒温控制的设计方法,并结合某高分遥感器的热控要求、关键部件的热控设计方案,详细阐述了间接热控技术的技术特点与实现途径。仿真分析结果及试验数据表明,间接热控技术能够满足遥感器的恒温控制需求,可以实现高分遥感器光学系统及主要结构的恒温控制精度优于±0.3℃。     

Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption of MOF/SiBCN nanomaterials at high temperature

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials at high-temperature are urgently needed for stealth aircrafts or aero-engines worked in harsh environments. In this contribution, cobalt-containing siliconboron carbonitride (MOF/SiBCN) nanomaterials were prepared by pyrolyzing metal–organic framework, i.e. cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67), and hyperbranched polyborosilazane. The rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-67 and cobalt element promoted in situ formation of dielectric loss phases, including SiC nanocrystals, CoSi nanocrystals and turbostratic carbons. The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanomaterials showed excellent microwave absorption both at room and elevated temperature. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) was −51.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.93 GHz at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 600 °C, the RC_min reached −30.29 dB and EAB covered almost the whole X-band (3.95 GHz, 8.45–12.4 GHz). The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanocomposites are promising and useful platform for microwave absorbing materials at high-temperature. It may shed light on the downstream applications in designing next generation areo-engines and stealth aircrafts.     

月面载荷被动热控技术

由于月面温度环境变化幅度较大,月面载荷需要通过被动热控装置有效控制其与外部环境的换热量,使其本体温度维持在工作或储存温度范围内。文章分析了月面载荷与外部空间环境换热方式;论述了低当量发射率多层隔热组件设计与结构组成;讨论了月面载荷最外表面辐射屏ε和α_s特殊设计及对其表面辐射平衡温度影响;指出利用月壤恒温层及其特性,展开式外多层隔热组件可以在载荷所在月面处形成一个温度相对稳定的月面小环境,其平均温度与当地月壤恒温层温度相当。     

红外探测器比探测率与光学系统工作温度关系研究

针对低温光学系统自身辐射与红外探测器比探测率(D*)的关系,从红外辐射基本理论入手,建立了光学系统工作温度与背景限红外探测器D*之间的关系模型。由此计算出了典型四反光学系统不同工作温度下、不同谱段的背景限红外探测器D*值,综合考虑探测器处于非背景限情况,得出相关曲线;总结出了背景限红外探测器与光学系统工作温度之间关系的几点体会。