提高高燃速丁羟推进剂低温伸长率研究

运用单向拉伸、交联密度测试、动态力学分析(DMA)等实验手段，研究了IPDI丁羟高燃速推进剂低温伸长率偏低的问题。结果表明：由于固化剂IPDI的分子结构特点和低反应活性造成粘合剂体系固化反应速度上的差别，加上防老剂H的刚性和物理交联作用使该类推进剂低温抗拉强度过高，是造成该类推进剂低温伸长率偏低的主要原因。在此基础上，通过添加网络调节剂，改善了推进剂粘合剂相的网络结构，解决了该问题。     

壁温比对圆截面隔离段激波串的影响研究

为明晰壁温比对圆截面隔离段激波串的影响,采用RANS方法对圆截面隔离段进行三维数值计算,发现冷壁条件下,壁温比升高将导致隔离段抗反压能力减弱。在此基础上,通过理论分析研究了壁温比对边界层的影响,发现边界层主要通过剪切应力和亚声速流层携带的流体惯性的综合作用来抵抗反压,其中剪切应力与压升作用一致,而亚声速流层携带的流体惯性与压升作用相反。考虑壁温比影响,对经典Waltrup激波串预测公式进行修正,修正后公式可以动态反映壁温比变化导致的激波串长度改变,有助于隔离段优化设计。     

温度分布对自由盘层流换热的影响

在盘面过余温度为半径的多项式分布的第1类热边界条件下,对自由盘不可压层流流动和换热进行了数值模拟,盘面局部努赛尔数的计算值与理论解相比符合很好。计算结果表明:过余温度成倍变化时,盘面局部努赛尔数不受影响;过余温度按n次单项式分布时,盘面的局部努赛尔数与所有按n次多项式分布时所得局部努赛尔数相比为最大;过余温度为任意多项式分布时,盘面局部努赛尔数数值上介于过余温度单独按该多项式的最高次和最低次分布所得到的局部努赛尔数之间,且随最高次项系数的增大而增大、随最低次项系数的增大而减小、随着中间次数项的系数在低半径区域增大而增大在高半径区域增大而减小。通过对计算数据的分析,给出和验证了过余温度按任意多项式分布时盘面局部努赛尔数的计算公式。     

建库温度在超声速火焰面模型中的影响

在火焰面模型中,数据库计算结果的准确程度对之后湍流燃烧流场的预测精度有重要影响。为了研究建库温度在超声速火焰面模型中的影响作用,在建立火焰面数据库时增加了建库氧化剂温度这一维度,并提出了一种由流场各点平均温度确定其对应的建库氧化剂温度的查表方法。针对DLR结构的超声速燃烧室,以煤油作为燃料,在五个温度级别条件下建立火焰面数据库,考察了建库温度对一维火焰面数据库以及二维燃烧流场计算结果的影响。研究结果表明,建库温度对一维火焰面的温度和组分分布有较为明显的影响,增加建库温度这一查表维度有助于改善超声速湍流燃烧流场的预测精度。     

On the measurements of the moon’s infrared temperature and its relation to the phase angle

Radiometric measurements of the thermal radiation originating from the moon’s surface were obtained using an infrared detector operating at wavelengths between 8 and 14 μm. The measurements cover a full moon cycle. The variation of the moon’s temperature with the lunar phase angle was established. The lunar temperatures were 391 ± 2.0 K for the full moon, 240 ± 3.5 K for the first quarter, and 236 ± 3 K for the last quarter. For the rest of the phase angles, the lunar temperature varied between 170 and 380 K. Our results are comparable with those obtained previously at these phase angles. For the new moon phase, the obtained temperature was between 120 and 133 K. With the exception of the new moon phase, our measurements at all the phase angles were consistent with those obtained using Earth-based data and those obtained by the Diviner experiment and the Clementine spacecraft. At the new phase, our measurements were comparable with those obtained from the ground but were significantly higher than those obtained by the Diviner and Clementine data. We attribute this inconsistency to either the calibration curve of our detector, which does not perform well at very low temperatures, or to infrared emission from the atmosphere. A simple linear model to predict the lunar temperature as a function of the phase angle was proposed. The experimental errors that affect the measured temperatures are discussed.     

Three dimensional investigation of the shock train structure in a convergent–divergent nozzle

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analyses have been employed to study the compressible and turbulent flow of the shock train in a convergent–divergent nozzle. The primary goal is to determine the behavior, location, and number of shocks. In this context, full multi-grid initialization, Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM), and the grid adaption techniques in the Fluent software are utilized under the 3D investigation. The results showed that RSM solution matches with the experimental data suitably. The effects of applying heat generation sources and changing inlet flow total temperature have been investigated. Our simulations showed that changes in the heat generation rate and total temperature of the intake flow influence on the starting point of shock, shock strength, minimum pressure, as well as the maximum flow Mach number.     

基于模糊控制的惯性测量单元温控系统数值分析

针对捷联惯性测量单元(IMU)温控系统的高精度、高滞后性和时变性,提出一种基于CFD技术的捷联IMU模糊PID控制器设计方法.首先,对某型号IMU的热量传递机理进行分析,建立IMU传热特性三维数值计算模型,借助CFD软件Fluent的UDF功能实现对IMU数学模型温控系统的模糊PID控制.最后,通过改变环境温度获得IMU数学模型在瞬态计算条件下的温度分布规律,并将IMU不同部位的温升值与试验结果进行对比,分析温度分布对惯性仪表的影响.研究结果能为IMU温控系统的改进和优化提供依据.     

光纤陀螺温度建模与补偿方法分析

通过光纤陀螺温度试验,分析了光纤陀螺的温度特性;理论上阐述了各项温度因素对光纤陀螺零偏的影响,并采用逐步回归分析的方法建立光纤陀螺零偏的温度数学模型。通过试验验证,采用该模型对光纤陀螺进行温度漂移的补偿,可以有效提高光纤陀螺的测量精度。     

低温静力试验热应变/热应力修正方法研究

在低温静力试验中,温度梯度作为一种特殊的"外载荷"作用于参试产品上,因此由其导致的热应变/热应力不能忽略;应变计材料的温度效应引起的应变计热输出异常明显,直接影响试验测量结果;同时由于试件存在温度梯度,采用传统的温度补偿方法对热输出进行剔除不太现实。因此必须通过后处理的方法对测量结果进行修正,热应变/热应力修正方法成为当前低温静力试验中研究的一大热点和难点。     

基于等离子体的新型燃烧室头部工作特性实验研究

本文设计了一种基于三维旋转滑动弧的航空发动机新型燃烧室头部,该头部可以在保持原有燃烧室结构不变的基础上,实现对燃烧室的点火和助燃。进行了新型燃烧室头部的放电特性实验,分析了稳定电弧滑动(A-G)模式和击穿伴随滑动(B-G)模式两种放电模式的特点。探究了两种放电模式对振动温度的影响,以及空气流量和电压对OH、O2、O3、NO四种粒子光谱发射强度的影响。结果表明,B-G模式电弧的放电功率更大,达到84W,放电模式对振动温度的影响取决于空气流量和电压的变化,而光谱发射强度则是A-G模式大于B-G模式。