计量用高精度电脑控温仪的研制

高精度电脑控温仪是计量等行业急需的一种仪表,本文介绍了在研制高精度电脑控温仪过程中所解决的主要技术问题.该控温仪采用了单片机技术以及高精度测温、温度预测、与模糊控制理论相结台的特殊PID控制等多个独特的技术措施,在恒温槽上实现了±0.01℃的控制精度.该项目已通过部级鉴定并在生产中应用.     

便携式粮仓温度巡检仪的研制

本文就便携式粮仓温度巡检仪的组成及工作原理,热敏电阻的线性化及便携式仪表的节电运行方式进行了论述.     

不同排列方式多斜孔壁气膜冷却绝热温比研究

采用传热传质类比方法实验研究了4种孔阵排列方式(顺排、叉排、顺排+复合角及叉排+复合角)下多斜孔壁气膜冷却绝热温比。小孔与壁面夹角为30°,复合角为45°,孔阵排距比8.0,侧向间距比4.0,吹风比为1.94.比较了各排列方式孔阵绝热温比的分布规律,得出了较优的孔阵排列方式。      

沉积温度及走丝速度对SiC纤维拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌的影响

采用CVD工艺在W芯SiC纤维表面涂覆B4C涂层,通过扫描电镜和纤维拉伸测试研究沉积温度和走丝速度对W芯SiC纤维拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,在1100℃以下不能获得B4C涂层。在一定的涂层参数下,可以获得与W芯SiC纤维的拉伸强度最接近(达3339MPa)的带B4C涂层的SiC纤维。且在其他涂层参数不变的情况下,为优化工艺参数,应符合沉积温度>1210℃时,走丝速度>0.055m/s;或沉积温度<1210℃时,走丝速度<0.055m/s。沉积温度影响SiC纤维的拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌,走丝速度影响SiC纤维的拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度。     

真空铝钎焊过程温度场的有限元数值仿真

提出了一个描述真空铝钎焊炉温度场的非线性有限元模型,该模型综合考虑了辐射传热、材料热物性随温度变化等非线性因素的影响.利用有限元软件ICEPAK和FLUENT对卧式真空铝钎焊炉的温度场进行了模拟计算.对炉温均匀性进行了验证,完成了焊接生产模拟件的数值仿真和实验测量,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

航空发动机热端表面温度场测量

航空发动机热端温度场的测量和监视对延长发动机的使用寿命具有重要意义。文章简要介绍了目前采用的各种温度测量方式,如热电偶、光电高温计、红外热像仪和示温漆,并详细介绍了多波长温度测量和谱色温度测量两种新型的温度测量方法。两种方法大大降低了温度测量对被测物体表面发射率的依赖性,适用于1000～3000℃温度范围内高温物体表面温度的测量。     

变形温度和冷却速度对TA15合金组织性能的影响研究

本项目研究了变形温度、冷却速度对原始坯料为片状组织的TA15合金显微组织和性能的影响.随着变形温度(1080-930℃)的降低,及变形后冷却速度(空冷～水冷)的加快,TA15合金的室温抗拉强度、延伸率及断面收缩率均呈上升趋势.β区变形的镦粗试样为片状组织,在大变形区和自由变形区,1080℃变形时β晶粒的动态再结晶程度比1 030℃高.两相区变形镦粗试样的显微组织为过渡型组织,难变形区和大变形区及自由变形区组织差别较大.     

切削加工优化研究

本文通过切削加工机理的研究,建立了切削加工的数学模型,为难加工材料切削用量的选择提供了科学的方法。     

Tolerance of wheat and lettuce plants grown on human mineralized waste to high temperature stress

The main objective of a life support system for space missions is to supply a crew with food, water and oxygen, and to eliminate their wastes. The ultimate goal is to achieve the highest degree of closure of the system using controlled processes offering a high level of reliability and flexibility. Enhancement of closure of a biological life support system (BLSS) that includes plants relies on increased regeneration of plant waste, and utilization of solid and liquid human wastes. Clearly, the robustness of a BLSS subjected to stress will be substantially determined by the robustness of the plant components of the phototrophic unit. The aim of the present work was to estimate the heat resistance of two plants (wheat and lettuce) grown on human wastes. Human exometabolites mineralized by hydrogen peroxide in an electromagnetic field were used to make a nutrient solution for the plants. We looked for a possible increase in the heat tolerance of the wheat plants using changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity during heat stress. At age 15 days, plants were subjected to a rise in air temperature (from 23 ± 1 °C to 44 ± 1 °С) under different PAR intensities for 4 h. The status of the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants was assessed by external СО₂ gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. The increased irradiance of the plants during the high temperature period demonstrated its protective action for both the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves and subsequent plant growth and development. The productivity of the plants subjected to temperature changes at 250 W m⁻² of PAR did not differ from that of controls, whereas the productivity of the plants subjected to the same heat stress but in darkness was halved.     

Propagation of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves in a relativistic dusty plasma

The properties of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves (DIASW) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising of relativistic ions, Boltzmann electrons, and stationary dusty particles are investigated. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the cylindrical KdV equation can be solved analytically. The change of the DIASW structure due to the effect of geometry, relativistic streaming factor, ion density and electron temperature is studied by numerical calculation of the cylindrical/spherical Kdv equation. It is noted that with ion pressure the effect of relativistic streaming factor to solitary waves structure is different. Without ion pressure, as the relativistic streaming factor decreases, the amplitude of the solitary wave decreases. However, when the ion pressure is taken into account, the amplitude decreases as the relativistic streaming factor increases and is highly sensitive to relativistic streaming factor. Our results may have relevance in the understanding of astrophysical plasmas.