Bayesian approach to retrieval of vertical ozone profile from radiometry data

A technique for retrieving vertical distributions (profiles) of atmospheric gas constituents from data of passive remote sensing of the atmosphere is proposed. The goal of the technique based on the statistical (Bayesian) approach to solution of inverse problems is construction of probability distribution for a sought quantity throughout the interval of the studied heights. It is assumed that initial data contain measurement noise, and a priori information about properties of the profile is used. It is proposed to approximate the sought profile by a function in the form of an artificial neural network. This approximation allows optimal inclusion of a priori information into retrieval procedure, thus ensuring the most effective regularization of the problem. Efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated on an example of retrieval of vertical ozone profile from data of ground-based sounding of the atmosphere in the millimeter wavelength range. Results of profile retrieval from model data and from spectra of radiation temperature of the atmosphere measured in the Apatity (67° N, 33° E) in the winter of 2002–2003 are presented.     

燃气源控制气流热效应数值模拟研究

为了解迷宫形导热套环与流体之间的热交换对控制气流温度及压力的影响,采用整体求解法求解控制气流与多层套环之间的耦合传热问题。为确保计算结果在物理上的真实性,采用“假密度法”求解以温度T为求解变量的能量方程。计算得到了控制气流参量随时间的变化情况以及迷宫形多层导热套环的温度在不同时间点的分布情况,结果表明流场的三维复杂结构使得每个小孔射流与各层套环的传热情况都不同,流体与固体区域之间的换热量随时间变化,其中内套环和中套环对流体的吸热量随时间的增长而急速下降,从而导致控制气体的温度和压力都随时间而逐渐增大。计算所得的控制气流温度和压力与试验测量值的变化趋势相同,验证了计算方法的有效性。     

民用飞机复合材料C型框分析方法研究

以层压板理论为基础,提出一种复合材料C型框结构的工程分析方法,并通过试验给出了C型框结构设计许用值。通过工程分析结果与试验结果的对比,说明此工程分析方法可用于指导C型框结构设计。     

Prediction of horizontal gas–solid flows under different gravitational fields

In this paper the performance of horizontal pneumatic conveying under different gravity environments is evaluated. An Euler–Lagrange approach validated versus ground experiments is employed to predict the relevant particle variables such as particle mass flux, mean conveying and fluctuating velocities in terrestrial, lunar and micro-gravity conditions. Gravity reduced computations predict a reduction in the global particle–wall collision frequency. Also, in the case of low wall roughness and small particle mass loading, reduction of gravity acceleration implies an increase of particle–wall collision frequency with the upper wall of the channel affecting greatly the particle mass flux profile. In the case of high wall roughness and/or high particle-to-fluid mass loading (i.e., around 1.0) particle conveying characteristics are similar in the three gravity conditions evaluated. This is due to the fact that both, wall roughness and inter-particle collisions reduce gravitational settling. However, the influence of gravity on the additional pressure loss along the channel due to the conveying of the particles is much reduced.     

Precise coseismic displacements from the GPS variometric approach using different precise products: Application to the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

The Global Positioning System (GPS) variometric approach has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional well-developed positioning techniques including relative positioning and precise point positioning. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the variometric approach to retrieve coseismic displacements at centimeter-level precision, in a real-time manner using only readily available broadcast ephemeris. This study presents the first results comparing the performance of the variometric approach by using a variety of precise satellite orbit and clock products. Totally six kinds of products are included in our evaluation, namely the broadcast, IGS (International GNSS Service) ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed), rapid, final (30-s clock) and CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) final (5-s clock) products. Static and dynamic experiments are conducted using 1-Hz GPS data covering a relatively large area in China during the 2008 Wenchuan M_W 7.9 earthquake. After removing the linear trend, the displacements using broadcast, ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed) and rapid products reach nearly equivalent precisions at centimeter level. By using final and CODE final products, the precision of displacements can be significantly improved from 1.9–2.0 cm to 0.4–0.7 cm horizontally, and from 6.0–6.2 cm to 1.0–1.7 cm vertically for the dynamic experiments. The displacements using the CODE final products achieve the best precision, improved by more than 40% compared to those using the IGS final products. With the availability of IGS high-rate real-time precise products, this approach is promising to capture coseismic displacements more precisely in real time, which is crucial for earthquake and tsunami early warning.     

Spatial modeling of flood probability using geo-environmental variables and machine learning models,case study: Tajan watershed,Iran

The main objective of this study was to produce flood susceptibility maps for Tajan watershed, Sari, Iran using three machine learning (ML) models including Self-Organization Map (SOM), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and Multi-layers Perceptron (MLP). To reach such a goal, different physical-geographical factors (criteria) were integrated and mapped. 212 flood inventory map was randomly divided into training and testing datasets, where 148 flood locations (70%) were used for training and the remaining 64 locations (30%) were employed for testing. Model validation was performed using several statistical indices and the area under the curve (AUC). The results of the correlation matrix showed, three factors slope (0.277), distance from river (0.263), and altitude (0.223) were the most important factors affecting flood. The accuracy evaluation of the flood susceptibility maps through the AUC method and K-index shows that in the validation phase RBFNN (AUC = 0.90) outperform the MLP (AUC = 0.839) and SOM (AUC = 0.882) models. The highest percentage flood susceptibility of the area in MLP, SOM and RBFNN models is related to moderate (28.7%), very low (40%) and low (37%), respectively. Also, the validation results of the models using the Relative Flood Density (RFD) approach showed that very high class had the highest RFD value.     

基于构型管理的飞机技术出版物数据结构研究

在飞机复杂产品的整体结构基础上,依据S1000D规范,采用模块化技术,建立技术出版物的三层数据结构,保证数据的重用性和一致性,便于技术出版物的构型控制管理。     

某型无人验证机系统技术资料体系与编制设计

在航空综合保障的活动中,技术资料作为法规性文件,对装备的使用和维修起着重要指导作用。本文对某型无人验证机系统技术资料体系设计、技术资料之间的联系及编制设计进行了初步探讨、研究,包括无人机系统体系设计的特点以及为满足操作员与地勤人员工作需要而进行的各类使用手册编制的详细设计,并对有人机技术资料的编制与无人机系统技术资料编制之间的区别进行了对比,这些工作的开展将对后续设计无人机技术资料标准及完善体系构建提供有益的参考。     

国外舰载飞机着舰进近适配性评估技术研究

通过对国外舰载飞机在着舰进近下滑中的操纵需求分析,提出舰载飞机着舰进近适配性的评估要求。在评估要求的基础上针对飞机在进近适配性方面相关的特性给出相应的飞行试验方法和分析方法,初步建立舰载飞机着舰进近适配性评估技术和方法。     

On the modular approach of a 3D model of the system magnetosheath–magnetosphere

This article presents some preliminary features of a new self consistent model of the system magnetosheath–magnetosphere, recently developed in the Institute of Mechanics, Sofia, Bulgaria. The flow in the magnetosheath is governed by 3D ideal gas-dynamic equations. The positions and the shapes of the bow shock and the magnetopause are calculated iteratively as a part of the solution. These surfaces are essentially three-dimensional (generally non-axially-symmetric). The self-consistency between the regions is ensured via the boundary conditions. The magnetopause cusp indentations are formed, influencing essentially the magnetosheath flow. Prediction of the position and the shape of the bow shock for different values of the sonic Mach number are derived. Distribution of some flow parameters in the magnetosheath is presented. 3D numerical finite element model, calculating the field due to the magnetopause currents for an arbitrary magnetopause geometry, is used in the magnetosphere. The fields due to the current systems inside the magnetosphere(cross-tail current, ring current, and Birkeland current) are taken from the Tsyganenko empirical model. The magnetopause surface is calculated from the requirement the outside gas-dynamic pressure to be balanced by the magnetic pressure inside. The magnetosphere model can be viewed as an improved version of the empirical model but with more realistic magnetopause form and shielding field. Not a final but a beta version is used in this approach. The final model version as well the model details will be presented elsewhere.