Numerical study of aerodynamic characteristics of FSW aircraft with different wing positions under supersonic condition

This paper investigates the influence of forward-swept wing(FSW) positions on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft under supersonic condition(Ma = 1.5). The numerical method based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations, Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) turbulence model and implicit algorithm is utilized to simulate the flow field of the aircraft. The aerodynamic parameters and flow field structures of the horizontal tail and the whole aircraft are presented. The results demonstrate that the spanwise flow of FSW flows from the wingtip to the wing root, generating an upper wing surface vortex and a trailing edge vortex nearby the wing root.The vortexes generated by FSW have a strong downwash effect on the tail. The lower the vertical position of FSW, the stronger the downwash effect on tail. Therefore, the effective angle of attack of tail becomes smaller. In addition, the lift coefficient, drag coefficient and lift–drag ratio of tail decrease, and the center of pressure of tail moves backward gradually. For the whole aircraft,the lower the vertical position of FSW, the smaller lift, drag and center of pressure coefficients of aircraft. The closer the FSW moves towards tail, the bigger pitching moment and center of pressure coefficients of the whole aircraft, but the lift and drag characteristics of the horizontal tail and the whole aircraft are basically unchanged. The results have potential application for the design of new concept aircraft.     

弹性变形对前掠翼气动特性的影响分析

针对弹性变形对前掠翼气动特性的影响,基于改进的CFD/CSD松耦合静气动弹性数值计算方法,在高亚声速条件下,对前掠角χ=10°,20°,30°的前掠翼纵向气动特性和副翼操纵效率进行了计算和分析。结果表明,迎角较小时,弹性翼的升力、升阻比和俯仰力矩较刚性翼大,大迎角时恰恰相反;随着前掠角的增加,机翼的弯扭变形和气动参数变化的程度愈加剧烈;在最大升阻比、迎角α=4°、副翼偏转角δ=20°时,弹性翼的副翼操纵效率略大于刚性翼。该研究可为前掠翼布局的设计提供借鉴。     

装载约束下飞翼布局气动与隐身综合设计

基于飞翼布局大鼓包式机身,在装载布置约束下开展了气动与隐身综合设计,提出了一种机身低鼓包和双鼓包模型。结合可靠的CFD和隐身计算方法,初步探索了低鼓包和双鼓包气动与隐身特性及机理。结果表明:双鼓包模型极大地降低了全机纵向基本气动性能,但在大迎角时会推迟外翼段前缘分离,对外翼气动特性有一定改善;低鼓包与双鼓包模型整体上RCS差异较小,但双鼓包模型侧向隐身性能更优异。     

波音737NG飞机大翼扭力管改装后涡流检测

由于波音737NG飞机大翼后缘内侧襟翼的主扭力管上松动的紧固件会损伤扭力管和滑架,并有可能导致飞机失去后缘襟翼,因此对该扭力管进行改装。本文重点介绍改装中扩孔后对孔周围和孔内壁进行高频涡流检测的实施方法。     

旋转机翼飞机旋翼模式前飞状态干扰气动特性

和传统直升机相比,旋转机翼（CRW）飞机在旋翼模式前飞时各部件之间存在更为严重的气动干扰。为了获得旋转机翼/机身/鸭翼/平尾之间的非定常气动干扰规律,基于运动嵌套网格技术,通过求解三维非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）方程,建立了旋翼前飞流场数值模拟方法。首先对传统直升机旋翼/机身干扰模型进行了计算,验证了方法的可靠性,然后对某旋转机翼飞机全机在旋翼模式前飞状态下的非定常流场进行了数值模拟,并对各个气动部件上的非定常气动力和力矩的变化进行了分析。结果表明：飞机在旋翼模式前飞时,机身部件对旋转机翼的干扰较弱,在经过机身上方时拉力峰值仅略有增加;旋转机翼对鸭翼和垂尾干扰较弱,对机身和平尾干扰较强,随着前飞速度增大,旋转机翼对平尾的干扰会产生较大的升力损失和抬头力矩,需要引起重视。计算结果为该类飞行器的总体综合设计提供了参考。     

基于自适应混合网格的脱体涡模拟

基于混合网格和CGNS（CFD General Notation System）数据结构,建立了一种各向同性加密/稀疏的网格自适应方法。在悬空点的后处理中,让含有悬空点的单元转化为任意多面体,从而简化了自适应单元剖分模版,同时自适应网格单元之间可完全相容,自适应生成的网格能够直接用于可处理任意多面体的流场求解器。将该自适应方法与脱体涡模拟（DES）算法相结合,开展了65°后掠三角翼大迎角流动的数值模拟应用,并与初始网格的模拟结果进行了详细比较。对比表明：采用网格自适应方法适当增加局部网格量,能够以较小的成本迅速提高三角翼背风区的空间分辨率,增强数值模拟对小尺度涡系结构的解析能力,从而弥补了基于混合网格的脱体涡模拟中常用二阶格式计算的空间分辨率相对偏低、不利于湍流多尺度结构精细模拟的不足。     

A new non-linear vortex lattice method:Applications to wing aerodynamic optimizations

This paper presents a new non-linear formulation of the classical Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) approach for calculating the aerodynamic properties of lifting surfaces. The method accounts for the effects of viscosity, and due to its low computational cost, it represents a very good tool to perform rapid and accurate wing design and optimization procedures. The mathematical model is constructed by using two-dimensional viscous analyses of the wing span-wise sections, according to strip theory, and then coupling the strip viscous forces with the forces generated by the vortex rings distributed on the wing camber surface, calculated with a fully three-dimensional vortex lifting law. The numerical results obtained with the proposed method are validated with experimental data and show good agreement in predicting both the lift and pitching moment, as well as in predicting the wing drag. The method is applied to modifying the wing of an Unmanned Aerial System to increase its aerodynamic efficiency and to calculate the drag reductions obtained by an upper surface morphing technique for an adaptable regional aircraft wing.     

金属机翼长桁梢部拉伸试验研究

长桁梢部是飞机壁板设计中的关键细节特征,也是飞机壁板设计的难点之一。通过某型飞机下壁板长桁梢部结构静力拉伸试验,对长桁梢部的静力失效模式,传力特性进行试验研究,并对15°、30°和45°三种典型斜削角度的长桁梢部结构进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,长桁梢部在第一排紧固件位置以蒙皮剪切的形式破坏;应变分析表明长桁梢部在斜削段存在局部弯曲;三种斜削角度中,30°斜削角度最优。试验结果为某型飞机下壁板长桁梢部设计提供了依据。     

15米翼展太阳能飞机机翼颤振分析和刚度设计

太阳能飞机小刚度和大变形的特点导致其普遍存在颤振问题,因此有必要合理建立太阳能飞机的动力学模型并进行颤振分析。以国内某15米翼展太阳能飞机为研究对象,建立初始的动力学模型,然后根据目标颤振速度调节模型刚度,得到了与目标颤振速度匹配的机翼主梁刚度,从而实现太阳能飞机的动力学反向建模,并在此基础上进行颤振分析,形成完整的太阳能飞机颤振分析设计方法。结果表明:该机翼扭转刚度增大70%,其颤振速度可提高29%。本文方法可用于指导15米太阳能飞机的防颤振设计。     

水翼型水上飞机偏转机翼布局数值研究

针对水上飞机水面起飞过程阻力峰值较大,提出一种可偏转机翼水翼型水上飞机,飞机水面滑行时偏转机翼割划水面产生水动升力将飞机抬离水面,空中飞行时偏转机翼根据飞行条件可偏转角度。采用空气动力和水动力耦合求解并结合动力学平衡方程方法分析了该布局水动特性并进行空中巡航气动特性分析,同时计算同尺寸双浮筒型水上飞机,比较两种构型水动与气动特性。数值计算结果表明,水面起飞过程中双浮筒型水上飞机总阻力峰值约为水翼型水上飞机偏转机翼布局的1.97倍;飞机空中飞行时,偏转机翼偏转角为0°时气动性能最优且所受阻力低于双浮筒型水上飞机,从而证明了水翼型水上飞机偏转机翼布局能够有效提高水上飞机的水动与气动性能。