实践九号编队飞行轨控中的姿轨耦合与推力损失研究

实践九号A、B双星系统于2012年11月5日成功完成中国首次自主编队异面绕飞试验.对其配置条件及设计要求进行了介绍,对轨控中的姿轨耦合问题与推力损失问题进行了描述和分析,给出工程中处理办法与数值仿真结果.实际在轨典型轨控结果表明,通过轨控前仿真对遥控注入的轨控加速度进行修改,实现了对实际开机时间的合理延拓,保证了轨控的精度.     

Precise line-of-sight vector estimation based on an inter-satellite radio frequency system

This paper proposes a precise line-of-sight (LOS) vector estimation using an inter-satellite radio frequency system. GNSS-like technology is inherited such that the ranging signals are locally generated inside the formation. However, the approach differs from the standard GNSS model usage in that the LOS vector to be of a unit length is fully explored as a priori constraint for the carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution. The constraint is lumped to the mapping process from the real-valued ambiguities to the integers by what is called validation or subset ambiguity bounding. These two approaches have the same rules of regarding the constraint as a gateway to accept or reject the ambiguity candidates, but differ by using “all-ambiguity-set” and “subset-ambiguity”. Both show remarkable improvement with up to 80% lower integer fixing failure rates than without treating the constraint. Validation provides a slightly better performance than the subset ambiguity bounding in terms of the integer fixing failure rates and the computational efficiency. The predefined tolerance regions that are critical for these two methods are analytically determined as function of the carrier noise. The paper also introduces a LOS dependent ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP_LOS) measure that can serve as a metric to characterize the expectation of being able to successfully resolve the ambiguities. The region of ADOP_LOS lower than 0.21 is empirically summarized as the safe region where the integer fixing failure rates are less than 1%. A closed form of the ADOP_LOS is derived which is able to capture the impact of the various factors. Antenna baseline geometries and multiple frequencies in the form of an ultra-BOC signal structure are demonstrated as the most important influencing factors. With multiple properly arrayed antennas and using ultra-BOC structure, instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be achieved and the LOS accuracy can reach millimeter level.     

飞翼布局飞机舵面偏转速率设计

舵面偏转速率的大小是飞机飞行控制系统设计的重要约束之一.当偏转速率饱和时,在外界干扰或操纵下,飞机可能进入自激振荡(PIO)状态,导致飞行品质下降.建立了飞翼布局飞机舵面偏转速率限制值的设计方法,给出了某大展弦比飞翼布局飞机的三轴主操纵面偏转速率设计的算例,分析了偏转速率限制对飞机动态响应特性的影响及其与飞机本体气动导数、转动惯量、展弦比构成的组合参数间的关系.结果表明:对于大展弦比飞翼布局飞机而言,其横向主操纵面偏转速率限制值要求最高,纵向次之,航向最低.研究方法和结果可用于飞翼布局飞机的操纵舵面与飞行控制系统初步设计时参考.      

基于自适应滤波的编队卫星实时相对定轨

提出基于自适应滤波的编队卫星实时相对定轨算法,利用2005-12-09—10两颗GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）卫星的GPS（Global Positioning System）实测数据进行实时相对定轨试验计算,采用JPL（Jet Propulsion Laboratory）轨道对试验结果外部检核,结果表明:①自适应滤波相对定轨通过自适应因子,可以较好地平衡编队卫星的观测信息和相对动力学信息,其相对定轨结果精度优于Kalman滤波相对定轨结果;②自适应滤波相对定轨结果随着星间基线缩短而精度提高;③两颗GRACE卫星采用单频伪距和广播星历进行自适应滤波相对定轨,可以得到精度优于6cm的星间基线。     

基于N-S方程的地面效应数值模拟研究

研究了二维翼型在两种不同地面条件-移动地面和固定地面条件下的地面效应及流动特性问题。其中流场分析采用了不可压缩RANS方程,湍流模型采用Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型。通过对NACA4412翼型在两种不同的地面条件及不同迎角和不同地面高度情况下的绕流计算,结果表明,在两种不同的地面条件下,升力及力矩的差别较小,而固定地面条件的阻力略小于移动地面条件下的阻力。     

三维翼跨音速守恒型全位势流高效差分算法的应用

本文对跨音速守恒型全位势流,用Holst的高效有限差分算法,研制出分析三维翼跨音速流的实用程序。与Holst的TWING程序不同,本文用快速保角转绘生成二维正交O型贴体坐标网格,并以此为基础构造三维贴体坐标网格,因而节省网格生成的机时。本文不仅将方法用到有中等后掠的厚翼,还提供大后掠大根梢比薄翼的计算经验。对根梢比很大,前后缘后掠角相差非常大的机翼,指出本算法的困难,并分析了困难原因。     

细长三角翼的摇滚特性

本文对后掠角为80°的尖前缘平板三角翼的翼摇滚特性进行了实验研究,并与附加前体、立尾等不同布局的翼摇滚特性进行了比较。     

超临界层流机翼边界层及气动特性分析

高空长航时无人机设计巡航状态的雷诺数较小,黏性边界层对气动特性的影响较大。详细分析了雷诺数对机翼边界层和气动力的影响,用数值方法对超临界层流机翼三维层流-转捩-湍流混合边界层特性进行了研究,分析比较了高空小雷诺数和中空大雷诺数情况下机翼三维边界层的特性,尤其是边界层转捩点位置、表面摩阻和气动特性的雷诺数效应。研究表明雷诺数对于高空无人机机翼边界层厚度、摩擦阻力和升阻比影响较大;对层流机翼的转捩点位置和升力系数影响较小;自然层流机翼技术可以应用于高空无人机设计。