柔性机翼阵风响应与被动减缓研究

高空长航时无人机的机翼展弦比大、柔性较强,飞行过程中极易受到阵风的影响。文章以几何精确本征理论建立结构模型,耦合 Pitt-Peters动力入流理论建立柔性机翼非线性气弹模型,研究了柔性机翼阵风响应以及翼尖被动阵风减缓效应。采用空间 -时间平行的有限元离散方法,将气弹方程转化为一阶微分代数方程,Newton-Raphson和 Generalized-α算法分别用于静态变形和动态响应的求解,通过算例研究了离散阵风载荷下柔性机翼的阵风响应,结果表明翼尖被动阵风减缓装置对机翼变形有明显的减缓效果。     

Flapping wing micro-aerial-vehicle:Kinematics,membranes, and flapping mechanisms of ornithopter and insect flight

The application of biomimetics in the development of unmanned-aerial-vehicles (UAV) has advanced to an exceptionally small scale of nano-aerial-vehicles (NAV), which has surpassed its immediate predecessor of micro-aerial-vehicles (MAV), leaving a vast range of development possi-bilities that MAVs have to offer. Because of the prompt advancement into the NAV research devel-opment, the true potential and challenges presented by MAV development were never solved, understood, and truly uncovered, especially under the influence of transition and low Reynolds number flow characteristics. This paper reviews a part of previous MAV research developments which are deemed important of notification; kinematics, membranes, and flapping mechanisms ranges from small birds to big insects, which resides within the transition and low Reynolds number regimes. This paper also reviews the possibility of applying a piezoelectric transmission used to pro-duce NAV flapping wing motion and mounted on a MAV, replacing the conventional motorized flapping wing transmission. Findings suggest that limited work has been done for MAVs matching these criteria. The preferred research approach has seen bias towards numerical analysis as com-pared to experimental analysis.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

基于线化稳定性理论的后掠翼边界层内横流稳定性研究

采用Mack方法求解忽略曲率和压缩性的三维线化稳定性方程（Orr-Sommerfeld方程）,针对无限展长后掠翼,计算分析边界层内不同波长横流驻波沿弦向的放大率,确定最不稳定波的波长。计算结果与参考文献中的实验结论和计算结果符合较好,表明该方法能够准确的预测出最不稳定波的波长,可以用来指导横流驻波主导下的后掠翼流动稳定性问题研究。     

低雷诺数条件下微型无人机机翼形状的研究

利用CFD软件FLUENT,通过Spalart-Allmaras模型、低Reynolds和二层模型这3种湍流模型对正八边形机翼平面布局进行绕流分析并与试验数据进行对比,选择了低Reynolds湍流模型对4种微型无人机机翼平面形状的低雷诺数气动特性进行模拟分析,结果表明,矩形布局和反齐默曼布局是微型无人机比较理想的设计选择.     

纵列式直升机悬停飞行品质研究

以适合于飞行品质评价的纵列式直升机非线性飞行动力学模型为基础,根据有人驾驶垂直/短距起落飞机军用品质规范(MIL-F-83300)以及军用旋翼飞行器驾驶品质要求(ADS-33E-PRF),对纵列式直升机悬停开环状态下的飞行品质进行了计算分析.按照两种规范的要求,对纵列式直升机的动态响应特性与带宽、操纵特性与姿态敏捷性、轴间耦合以及横向突风扰动影响进行了分析,最后给出了一些有意义的结论.      

某小型边条翼无人飞机的气动参数估算及风洞试验分析

根据自主飞行技术要求,对试验载荷飞机的气动布局进行设计论证。在低雷诺数下,通过风洞试验对所设计的微小型边条翼飞行器进行气动性能的评估,得到有效的气动参数。针对风洞对阻力系数测量偏大的弊端以及在低雷诺数下风洞数据在绝对量值上的不精确,利用前人已有的经验公式与处理方法创新性的对风洞数据进行处理,从小迎角范围中选用一些相对合理的参数,对经验公式及结果进行修正,得到更为合理的控制辨识参数,为无人飞行器提供可靠的参数保障,以实现小型飞机的自主飞行。     

基于DES方法的三角翼激波-涡干扰流场数值模拟

采用基于Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的脱体涡模拟（DES）方法,数值求解Navier-Stokes方程,模拟绕尖前缘三角翼的跨音速流动,并对三角翼上翼面的复杂激波-旋涡干扰流场进行了分析。与NASA兰利研究中心的NTF风洞实验结果对比分析表明,DES方法能很好地模拟跨音速三角翼上的旋涡流动。随着攻角由中度攻角增加到大攻角,支架附近的激波越来越强,对主分离涡的干扰作用越来越大,直至出现激波干扰导致的涡破裂。激波的形状、位置及涡破裂位置均与实验结果吻合良好。     

密集编队中飞机发动机的疲劳损伤差异

选取典型密集编队飞行任务,利用实测飞行数据,研究了在飞行动作几乎完全相同的条件下飞机发动机疲劳损伤的差异.经过二次雨流法统计循环次数和线性累积损伤理论折合到标准循环,得出了密集编队中长、僚机因位置不同而造成的发动机疲劳损伤的差异及其统计规律,发现疲劳损伤差异分布为威布尔分布,单机差异一般为2～4倍,最大可以达到9～10倍.进一步揭示了发动机疲劳载荷/损伤的分散性和单机疲劳寿命监控的必要性.      

操纵面作动对无尾布局无人机纵向气动特性的影响

通过风洞测力实验,研究了不同操纵面作动对某无尾布局无人机纵向气动特性的影响。实验结果表明：升降副翼以及襟副翼正向偏转都会使全机升力系数、阻力系数以及低头力矩增加。升降副翼作动引起的增量要高于襟副翼,并且舵偏角度越大增量越大。全动翼尖作动对全机纵向气动特性基本没有影响。在线性段,鸭翼作动对升力系数和阻力系数影响不大;线性段之外,鸭翼作动使得升力系数和阻力系数减小。迎角α〈16°以及α〉38°时,鸭翼正向作动使得低头力矩减小,负向作动使得低头力矩增加。操纵面作动对低头力矩的控制效率由高到低依次为：升降副翼、襟副翼、鸭翼和全动翼尖。进一步分析表明不同操纵面的控制效率与舵容量系数具有较大关系。