国产着色渗透探伤剂主要性能的普查

本文对国产大部分着色渗透剂、清洗剂、显像剂的主要性能进行了测试,提出了存在的问题,供用户在使用过程中,对探伤剂的性能要求及监督引起重视。     

Comparison of alternative route selection strategies based on simulation optimization

Air traffic flow management (ATFM) is a collaborative process between the airspace provider and the airspace users. The result of the collaboration should be an outcome that maxi-mizes the utility of the system without excessively penalizing any of the agents. This paper develops a discrete-event simulation model which consists of aggregate departure/arrival airports, flight routes, and sectors for evaluating the alternative collaborative route selection strategy. Given the different perspectives from air traffic control center (ACC) and airlines, eight performance-metrics and five alternative route selection strategies represent the past, current and proposed air traffic flow management operations that were evaluated. The Monte Carlo method combined with the Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA) simulation optimization technique is employed to assess the performance of different strategies. A case study of the upper air routes in central and southern China shows that the proposed model can be readily implemented to simulate different kinds of air traffic flow management strategies and predict the effect of changes on the airspace sys-tem. It also shows that the proposed alternative collaborative route selection strategy is an effective way in alleviating the en-route traffic congestion.     

Computational study of wing deformation and sting interference effects with the CAE-AVM test case

A modern transonic computational fluid dynamics test case is described in this paper, which is the Aerodynamic Validation Model (AVM) from the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment (CAE). The CAE-AVM is a representation of a modern transonic business jet aircraft with a design Mach number of 0.85. Numerical simulations for the AVM are conducted for two geometries: one baseline geometry, and one geometry that includes the applied model support system of the wind tunnel as well as the deformed wing shape that occurred during wind tunnel testing. The combined influence of wing deformation and model support interference on local and integral aerodynamic features is presented. Comparisons between CFD and experimental results are made; reasons of discrepancy between results from considered cases are analyzed.     

非线性空间飞行器系统的解耦滑模控制

提出了非线性空间飞行器系统采用滑动模态控制方法,它对强非线性的空间飞行器系统通道间交叉影响进行解耦. 在大的参数变化和外干扰下,解耦空间飞行器具有优良的鲁棒性.它的姿态稳定和机动飞行控制的数字仿真支持了本文结果的有效性.     

大小叶片压气机级的计算与实验校验

为了考察用于压气机设计的三维计算软件的准确性,对一个低速大尺寸的单级大小叶片轴流压气机进行了计算与流动测量,基于可压缩流动,并在流动细节的层次上全面地考察了计算程序的准确性。结果表明:所用的计算程序对压气机设计点的计算较为准确,流量和压比的准确度可达1%,但对失速裕度的预估能力不足。计算程序对于内部流动细节,尤其是二次流动的模拟不够好,当压气机工作于非设计工况时,这些流动细节计算的不准确会导致整体性能上较大的偏差。     

航天器交会最终逼近段相对姿态估计与控制

对航天器交会对接最终逼近段,给出姿态运动学方程统一形式以及相对姿态动力学方程;除了应用交会航天器的绝对姿态运动方程进行相对姿态估计(间接法)外,还直接应用相对姿态运动方程进行相对姿态估计(直接法);阐述相对姿态控制的相平面法与四元数反馈法的设计方法.相平面控制法应用常值推力,针对小姿态角机动的特点,将相对姿态通道解耦为3个独立的二阶子系统,设计相平面推力方向切换函数;四元数反馈法应用简化的基于本征轴旋转的线性二阶系统,选择相对四元数与角速率反馈增益系数,确定控制力矩.此外,对相对姿态估计与控制方法进行模拟计算与比较.理论分析与模拟计算结果表明:应用扩展Kalman滤波的相对姿态间接估计法与直接估计法是有效的,后者有可能简化估计算法;相平面控制法与四元数反馈法均可有效实现相对姿态控制,前者应用常值推力(推力方向与姿态反馈有关),较易实现,但动力消耗较大,后者按控制力矩随姿态反馈量而变,动力消耗较小.      

A novel signal processing approach for LEO space debris based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system

The increase in space debris can seriously threaten regular activities in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust, efficient and reliable techniques to understand the potential motions of the LEO debris. In this paper, we propose a novel signal processing approach to detect and estimate the motions of LEO space debris that is based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system. Because of the sparse distribution of the orbiting debris through the fence in our observations, we formulate the signal detection and the motion parameter estimation as a sparse signal reconstruction problem with respect to an over-complete dictionary. Moreover, we propose a new scheme to reduce the size of the original over-complete dictionary without the loss of the important information. This new scheme is based on a careful analysis of the relations between the acceleration and the directions of arrival for the corresponding LEO space debris. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve extremely good performance in terms of the accuracy for detection and estimation. Furthermore, our simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach in scenarios with a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the super-resolution properties. We hope our signal processing approach can stimulate further work on monitoring LEO space debris.     

航空发动机支点同心度的数值仿真及试验验证

为了在设计初期准确地分析支点同心度的大小,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛的仿真计算方法,通过对影响因素进行分析,建立了支点同心度大小的数学表达式,讨论了各个影响因素的分布规律,并采用蒙特卡洛法进行了仿真计算,同时,对计算结果的正确性进行了试验验证。结果表明,该方法能够正确、方便、迅速完成支点同心度大小的计算,为优化设计参数、评估设计结果提供依据。     

基于交叉验证的陀螺仪温度漂移建模方法

根据k次交叉验证思想,分别在测量方差已知与未知的情况下引入了一种模型选择准则,该准则充分考虑了模型的拟合能力与预测能力,在获得极大似然估计的同时,避免了参数估计中的过拟合问题。利用这一准则,对陀螺仪误差系数温度漂移建模进行了分析,获得了温度漂移的最优多项式模型。并与传统的AIC准则、MDL准则进行对比,通过Monte Carlo仿真说明了该选择准则在样本较小的情况下具有更好的性质。     

分布式空间系统和航天器编队飞行辨析——兼谈航天器知识编队和精确编队飞行应用实例

小卫星技术的迅速发展和应用,为空间应用开辟了许多新领域,同时出现了很多新概念和新名词。文章对分布式卫星系统、编队飞行、星座、星群以及空间敏感器网等概念及其相互之间的区别进行了系统论述,也介绍了航天器知识编队和精确编队飞行的应用实例。