包络均值滤波算法实时检测微弱信号

在强噪声环境下提取微弱信号一直是信号处理方法研究的难点,提出一种基于包络均值滤波(EMF,Envelope Mean Filter)的微弱信号提取算法,可以实时恢复出深埋在均匀分布噪声中的微弱缓变非周期信号的波形.EMF算法通过对混有均匀分布噪声的信号进行过采样,对信号的包络线进行实时分析,并用上、下包络的均值作为真实信号的估计值.为了使输出信号平滑、无跳变,采用实时滑模平均滤波器对估计值进行滤波,最终恢复出的原始信号.通过仿真研究对包络的分析算法、最优衰减系数的选取、过采样系数、平滑序列长度和不同信噪比的微弱信号对还原精度的影响进行了研究.EMF算法简单,可使信噪比提高60 dB以上.已经成功用于IEEE 1588精密时钟同步的时钟伺服算法中.     

Arcadia建模方法与SysML建模方法比较研究

基于模型的系统工程与传统系统工程相比,有着形象化、具体化、沟通效率高等多种优势。基于系统建模(System Modeling Language,简称SysML)语言进行建模用途广泛,但是通过实践,针对系统架构和系统运行场景分析,基于Sys ML的建模方法特点并不突出。而Arcadia的基于模型系统工程建模有着简单、清晰等特点,对于系统架构和系统定义均有着Sys ML所不具备的特点。通过系统设计的目标与特点,对基于Sys ML的建模方法和Arcadia方法进行比较研究和实践,总结两种方法在基于模型的系统工程领域中的优劣。     

空天飞机的计算流体力学分析

本文分析了空天飞机空气动力学的特点和计算流体力学在发展空天飞机中的作用,讨论了发展空天飞机对计算流体力学的要求。强调了计算流体力学、地面试验和飞行试验应该相互结合成一个整体。在这基础上,探讨了利用地面试验对计算程序进行“确认”、“校准”和“鉴定”以及鉴定计算程序对地面试验的要求。本文还从计算方法、外流、进气道流动、喷管流动、燃烧室流动等方面,综述了空天飞机计算流体力学分析的最近进展和尚待解决的问题。最后对发展我国空天飞机计算流体力学提出了建议。     

新一代战斗机机动作战决策与仿真

近距空战要求新一代战斗机具有较好的机动性能.根据基本的空战机动模式进行机动作战决策的建模,在综合飞行/火力/推进分布式计算机实时仿真系统中,运用大机动非线性鲁棒飞行控制律进行了典型的机动作战仿真.仿真结果表明,具有大机动性能的飞机在空战过程中显示出了很好的效益优势.      

北斗导航接收机高增益相干积分算法

近年来,针对弱信号的高灵敏度接收机已逐渐成为国内外的研究热点。加长相干积分时间可以提高信噪比,从而跟踪到更弱的信号。但是,北斗导航接收机跟踪环路并不可以无限加长相干积分时间,相干积分时间的长短和功效还受到卫星导航电文比特跳变的限制。为了消除导航电文比特跳变对相干积分的影响,提出了一种改进的基于最大似然估计的北斗信号位同步方法,完成位同步后再利用先猜后检的方法便可以实现长相干积分。利用软件接收机进行编程设计,仿真结果表明：该长相干积分算法能够稳定可靠地实现对弱信号的跟踪,20ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升12dB,40ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升15dB,80ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升17dB,提高了北斗导航接收机的灵敏度。     

复杂可修系统效能中可信度矩阵的构造方法

复杂可修系统可信度建模对保证效能的定量分析至关重要.本文在考虑不同维修状况的基础上,着重对不同任务剖面内相应任务阶段中武器装备可信度进行了深入的定量分析和综合,进而构造出武器装备的可信度矩阵,用于武器装备的效能分析;文中以某地面车辆为例,进一步论证了武器装备可信度矩阵的工程含义,旨在为合理确定一大类武器装备的效能和可信度指标提供理论依据.     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

Review on bio-inspired flight systems and bionic aerodynamics

Humans' initial desire for flight stems from the imitation of flying creatures in nature. The excellent flight performance of flying animals will inevitably become a source of inspiration for researchers. Bio-inspired flight systems have become one of the most exciting disruptive aviation technologies. This review is focused on the recent progresses in bio-inspired flight systems and bionic aerodynamics. First, the development path of Biomimetic Air Vehicles (BAVs) for bio-inspired flight systems and the latest mimetic progress are summarized. The advances of the flight principles of several natural creatures are then introduced, from the perspective of bionic aerodynamics. Finally, several new challenges of bionic aerodynamics are proposed for the autonomy and intelligent development trend of the bio-inspired smart aircraft. This review will provide an important insight in designing new biomimetic air vehicles.     

Formation of Giant Planets– An Attempt in Matching Observational Constraints

We present models of giant planet formation, taking into account migration and disk viscous evolution. We show that migration can significantly reduce the formation timescale bringing it in good agreement with typical observed disk lifetimes. We then present a model that produces a planet whose current location, core mass and total mass are comparable with the one of Jupiter. For this model, we calculate the enrichments in volatiles and compare them with the one measured by the Galileo probe. We show that our models can reproduce both the measured atmosphere enrichments and the constraints derived by Guillot et al. (2004), if we assume the accretion of planetesimals with ices/rocks ratio equal to 4, and that a substantial amount of CO₂ was present in vapor phase in the solar nebula, in agreement with ISM measurements.     

Direct integration methods in dynamic problems of structural mechanics

A method of direct integration with respect to time is proposed to solve dynamic problems of structural mechanics and comparison with the well-known methods is presented.