Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

航天器的数字化总装设计研究

文章总结了航天器数字化总装设计的基本思路、方法和经验，阐明了数字化总装设计所发挥的作用和意义。     

由感知到动作决策一体化的类脑导航技术研究现状与未来发展

随着脑与神经科学以及人工智能技术的持续发展，昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理启发下的感知/认知/路径规划/动作决策一体化类脑导航技术得到了较大发展，可以实现由原始感知信息输入到导航动作决策的直接输出，呈现出接近动物端到端面向目标导航的智能行为，具有提高密集型无人机集群导航鲁棒性、准确性、实时响应动作、自主智能性以及计算效率的潜力。阐述了昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理及其互补对称关系，以及昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理启发的端到端类脑导航技术内涵；论述了类脑导航技术研究进展，包括类脑环境感知、类脑空间认知、面向目标类脑导航；分析了类脑导航向智能化、神经形态系统以及群体导航发展的新趋势；最后讨论了类脑导航技术应用于无人机密集集群系统时存在的挑战。     

混合三元系超大集

对于三类混合三元系超大集Ti-OLGD（v）（i=1,2,3）,T1-OLGD（v）和T2-OLGD（v）的存在谱已经完全解决了,而对于T3-OLGD（v）的存在性问题,所知结果很少。本文利用代数和组合设计相结合的方法,主要利用有限域的相关知识,对于T3-OLGD（q-1）（q为素数幂）,给出了一种新的构造方法,从而得到了一系列的结果。     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

基于PCI Express总线的接口模块设计与实现

为满足高度综合化发展对嵌入式处理系统交联信号的多样性要求,提出了一种基于PCI Express总线架构的多功能接口模块的设计实现方案。采用一片FPGA作为逻辑设计芯片,实现了包括FC、RS422、ARINC429、USB、IDE等多种接口,满足了综合化发展对模块功能、功耗和重量等要求,可通用于各类综合处理系统接口设计中。     

民用飞机生产线自动控制系统的信息安全问题探析

随着信息化技术越来越多地应用到工业控制系统,不可避免地也带来了各类风险和威胁,系统的信息安全问题也就越发需要引起重视。对民用飞机生产线自动化控制系统存在的安全隐患进行了探究和分析,结合其他领域的工控系统安全措施,针对本系统的一些威胁和漏洞提出了安全风险防范方案。     

脉冲雷达凝视模式下低轨碎片相对运动特征分析

脉冲雷达凝视模式是一种探测低轨小碎片的重要方式,其中低轨碎片与雷达的径向运动关系是碎片统计分析的基础.为推算碎片相对雷达的运动特征,基于坐标系的相互转换,先利用雷达测站信息,得到可见碎片在地惯坐标系下的轨道信息;再逆向将目标不同时刻的位置转换至测站坐标系下,得到目标的径向运动特征.在不同要素（雷达波束指向、雷达仰角、测站纬度、目标距离）下,仿真及对比分析了各个参数对速度模糊度、雷达可见性等的影响,得出在凝视模式下目标相对雷达近似做径向匀加速运动,这为后续试验工作提供有力的依据.