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181.
Michael Loewenstein David S. Davis 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(12):1972-1974
We discuss the elemental composition in the hot ISM of elliptical galaxies derived from new and recent X-ray spectral analysis in the context of new phenomenological models of their chemical evolution. Star formation histories, the IMF, the astrophysics of supernovae, and the nature of galactic winds impact the metal content and relative abundances in the hot ISM. We evaluate how X-ray spectroscopy may be utilized to deconstruct how elliptical galaxies, and the stellar populations that compose them, form and evolve, with an emphasis on present and future high resolution spectroscopic analysis. 相似文献
182.
183.
利用沉淀预处理在基底上生长晶种的方法,在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃表面水热生长出分布均匀、与基底结合牢固、具有较高光电催化分解水制氧性能的ZnO纳米棒。用电助光沉积的方法将电催化剂Ni-Bi与ZnO复合,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及紫外可见漫反射光谱对ZnO/Ni-Bi复合光阳极的结构进行了表征,并采用电化学和光电化学技术研究了ZnO/Ni-Bi复合光阳极的光电催化分解水性能,对不同的复合方式、复合时间以及热处理对复合结构催化活性的影响进行了研究。复合Ni-Bi后,ZnO的性能获得了最高40%的提升。光阳极表面沉积的Ni-Bi分离电子空穴抑制其复合,有效地利用了ZnO产生的光生空穴,将水氧化形成氧气,从而显著提高了光照条件下ZnO催化氧化水的效率。 相似文献
184.
The effect of satellite breakups over 72 years, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbiting altitude (0–2000km), was analyzed in terms of fragment contribution to the object density in the geostationary orbit (GEO) ring, both in the short- and long-term. In the short-term, the explosions in GEO are the most detrimental for the GEO ring environment, though the average fragment density in the ring is never higher than 1/5 of the background, decreasing to less than 1/100 of the existing environment after 4 years (apart from a density rebound 5 decades later, due to luni-solar perturbations). Spacecraft end-of-life re-orbiting is a possible mitigation solution. But the re-orbiting altitude is critical if explosions continue to occur. In order to reduce the post-event average density by 1 order of magnitude with respect to an explosion occurring in GEO, more than 500km of re-orbiting is needed. Concerning the long-term environmental impact, the re-orbiting strategy supported by Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) seems adequate to guarantee, after 2–3 years, a long-term average density of fragments in the GEO ring of at least 2 orders of magnitude below the existing background. But at least 1000km of re-orbiting are needed to stay below that threshold in the short-term too. In conclusion, the re-orbiting strategy recommended by IADC is totally adequate in the long-term, but only if satellite passivation is extensively carried out. 相似文献
185.
星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究进展 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
半个世纪以来,宇航科技工作者对卫星发射力学环境的认识逐步深入,从而带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术发展步伐的加快,对航天器设计的要求越来越高,星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究的迫切性日益凸出。本文重点针对星箭力学环境分析与试验技术所涉及的航天器力学环境预示、航天器力学环境试验和星箭力学环境匹配优化等三方面技术的国内外研究进展进行了综合分析评述;指出了三者之间相辅相成、缺一不可的内在联系:预示分析决定着试验的方法和条件,力学试验又反过来验证预示分析的准确性,力学环境预示分析和试验的准确性和有效性为星箭力学环境匹配优化的顺利开展提供重要保障。最后,根据航天工程的需要,提出了今后在星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。 相似文献
186.
A brief review is presented of our current understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way disk and of its relevance to "cosmic chemical evolution" studies. The implications of this understanding for the evolution of deuterium are emphasized. 相似文献
187.
Nicholas E. White 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,34(12):2632-2636
The X-ray evolution of the luminosity of normal galaxies is primarily driven by the evolution of their X-ray binary populations. The imprints left by a cosmological evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) will cause the average X-ray luminosity of galaxies to appear higher in the redshift range 1–3. As reported by White and Ghosh [ApJ, 504 (1998) L31] the profile of X-ray luminosity with redshift can both serve as a diagnostic probe of the SFR profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. In order to observe the high redshift (z>3) universe in the X-ray band, it is necessary to avoid confusion from foreground field galaxies. We report on the predictions of these models of the X-ray flux expected from galaxies and the implications for the telescope parameters of future deep universe X-ray observatories. 相似文献
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189.
提高驾驶员在复杂气象环境和系统故障等条件下的情景感知能力是保障飞行安全的有力措施。基于人-机-环动力学仿真,综合计算操纵指令下预测时间段内多个飞行安全参数风险变化趋势,通过飞行安全参数风险度的叠加,得到该飞行情形下的飞行安全谱和飞行风险概率。通过并行仿真计算整个操纵空间内的飞行风险拓扑云图,构建飞行安全操纵空间,引导驾驶员正确操纵。分析了结冰环境下和舵面卡阻故障模式下的飞行安全操纵空间、事故机理和主要敏感参数。仿真结果表明,外部环境突变或突发系统故障可导致飞行安全操纵空间缩减甚至畸变。飞行安全操纵空间的提出可为驾驶员在复杂条件下的安全操纵提供直观全面的参考,提高驾驶员的情景感知能力,也可为事故演化提供可视化的分析方法。 相似文献
190.
The chance of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) observed by widely-separated spacecraft is rare. However, such an event provides us a good opportunity to study the propagation and evolution of ICMEs in the heliosphere. On day 72 of 1975, an ICME was observed by Helios 1 at 0.3 AU, while a similar solar wind structure was observed by IMP 8 at Earth on day 70 of 1975. On the basis of comparison of the plasma signatures and the transit time from Helios 1 to IMP 8, we hypothesize the observed ICMEs by both spacecraft are resulted from the same active region on the solar surface. A one-dimensional MHD model was used to track the ICME from Helios 1 (0.3 AU) to Earth. The observed plasma profiles and timing are close to those predicted by our MHD model and thus, give the supports to the model. 相似文献