超高速撞击中的弹丸形状效应数值模拟研究

文章用AUTODYN仿真软件对球形、圆锥形、圆柱形和盘形4种不同形状弹丸超高速撞击Whipple防护结构所产生的碎片云形貌特征及对后墙的毁伤程度进行了数值仿真研究。对比分析结果指出:质量与速度相等的4种不同形状弹丸撞击缓冲屏所产生的碎片云有明显差异;弹丸长径比越小,穿过缓冲屏后的破碎程度越大;在5 km/s撞击速度下,球形弹丸对后墙的毁伤程度最小,而圆柱形弹丸的毁伤程度最大。这说明弹丸的形状对超高速撞击结果有显著影响,在航天器超高速撞击风险评估和防护工程设计中应充分考虑弹丸的形状效应。球形弹丸的弹道极限曲线在防护结构的碎片防护能力评价时存在高估的问题,在实际工作中要特别注意这一点。     

钻地弹斜侵彻混凝土靶的工程计算模型

为了研究侵彻过程中钻地弹受力不对称性下的运动轨迹,结合动力学基本方程和经典空腔膨胀理论,基于层裂机理,建立了具有倾角和攻角相结合的卵形弹侵彻混凝土的工程模型。利用该模型得到了弹体头部运动轨迹与倾角、攻角以及速度的关系,结果表明侵彻深度随着倾角的增大而明显减小,弹体头部运动轨迹的弯曲弧度也越大;攻角越大,产生的偏转力矩越大。对工程模型进行试验验证,结果吻合较好,该模型能够有效地反映出斜侵彻过程的主要特征,进而说明该模型的适用性与合理性。     

民机燃油箱口盖耐轮胎碎片撞击分析及试验

CAAC25要求燃油箱口盖在遭受轮胎碎片撞击后不能发生燃油泄漏。参考AC25．963-1建议的验证方法,进行了轮胎碎片撞击口盖的有限元模拟分析以及两种类型燃油箱口盖结构的轮胎碎片撞击试验,根据分析结果的对比,优选出一种能够满足适航条款要求并保证燃油箱安全性的口盖方案。     

Finite element reconstruction approach for on-orbit spacecraft breakup dynamics simulation and fragment analysis

Breakup model is the key area of space debris environment modeling. NASA standard breakup model is currently the most widely used for general-purpose. It is a statistical model found based on space surveillance data and a few ground-based test data. NASA model takes the mass, impact velocity magnitude for input and provides the fragment size, area-to-mass ratio, velocity magnitude distributions for output. A more precise approach for spacecraft disintegration fragment analysis is presented in this paper. This approach is based on hypervelocity impact dynamics and takes the shape, material, internal structure and impact location etc. of spacecraft and impactor, which might greatly affect the fragment distribution, into consideration. The approach is a combination of finite element and particle methods, entitled finite element reconstruction (FER). By reconstructing elements from the particle debris cloud, reliable individual fragments are identified. Fragment distribution is generated with undirected graph conversion and connected component analysis. Ground-based test from literature is introduced for verification. In the simulation satellite targets and impactors are modeled in detail including the shape, material, internal structure and so on. FER output includes the total number of fragments and the mass, size and velocity vector of each fragment. The reported fragment distribution of FER shows good agreement with the test, and has good accuracy for small fragments.     

基于流固耦合的实体元空心叶片鸟撞数值模拟

针对通用流固耦合算法在模拟实体元结构破坏上的不足,以MSC.DYTRAN软件为平台,研究了不考虑和考虑失效的实体元平板叶片流固耦合数值模拟方法。在此基础上,建立了实体元空心叶片鸟撞瞬态动力学有限元模型,计算分析了叶片在稳定旋转状态下遭受不同密度、长度、半径及速度鸟体撞击下的叶片应力的瞬态响应,计算表明：上述参数值增加均会增大叶片的应力峰值,并且对应力峰值的影响都不是线性的。最后模拟了叶片的失效过程。     

一种弹目遭遇点预测方法

为充分利用舰空导弹中制导段所获信息并减小导弹中制导段的弹道曲率,给出一种弹目预测遭遇点的解算方法,并据此设计比例导引制导律。在初始发射坐标系中,假设目标由当前位置以当前速度大小沿当前速度方向匀速运动至遭遇点,导弹由当前位置以当前速度大小按照一定的导引规律匀速运动至遭遇点。在该假设条件下,导弹到达遭遇点的总航路大小一方面...     

多导弹齐射攻击协同制导(英文)

Cooperative guidance problems of multiple missiles are considered in this article. A cooperative guidance scheme, where coordination algorithms and local guidance laws are combined together, is proposed. This scheme actually builds up a hierarchical cooperative guidance architecture, which may provide a general solution to the multimissile cooperative guidance problems. In the case of salvo attacks which require missiles to hit the target simultaneously, both centralized and distributed coordination algorithms are derived based on the impact-time-control guidance （ITCG） law. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

直升机主桨叶的鸟撞有限元数值模拟

以某型直升机主桨叶为例,使用瞬态动力学分析软件(MSC.Dytran),采用先进的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合算法,进行鸟撞过程的数值模拟.模拟结果表明:撞击过程中的最大应力达到199MPa,没有超出桨叶材料的屈服极限.研究结果为桨叶的抗鸟撞损伤设计提供了参考.      

斜向弹性支撑飞船座椅缓冲性能

当出现具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况时,飞船座椅头盆向冲击过载可能危及航天员生命安全。在现有的胸背向着陆冲击过载缓冲机构的基础上,引入座椅斜向弹性支撑模型,建立了斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统的动力学模型。对具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况的仿真结果表明,相比于现有的铰接支撑缓冲系统,适当参数组合下的斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统能有效降低航天员头盆向冲击过载且不增加胸背向冲击过载;综合支撑角度、刚度和阻尼各个参数影响规律,可以得到优化的座椅设计方案。     

Field emission characteristics of gold dust grains

The space plasma environment usually contains charged dust grains. The grain charge is an important parameter determining its migration through the space, coagulation, formation of dust clouds and so on. The knowledge of its charge is thus one of the basic information we want to know. There are several emission processes leading to both positive and negative charges, among others photoemission, all kinds of secondary emissions, field emissions, etc. The present study is focused on a laboratory simulation of emissions caused by impacts by energetic ions. Our experiment is based on the Paul trap which gives us an opportunity to catch a single dust grain for several days inside the vacuum vessel and exposed it by electron/ion beams. This experimental approach allows us to separate an individual charging process. We have chosen spherically shaped gold grains and discussed the processes leading to the limitation of the grain charge. We suggested that the implantation of charging ions leads to deformations of the grain surface. The deformations enhance the local electric field strength that becomes sufficient for the field ionization.