不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧的计算研究

本文研究不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧流场。采用保自由流5阶WENO格式求解贴体坐标变换后的多组分Euler方程,用基元反应模型描述CH4/空气燃烧。不同于标准WENO格式通量构造方法,该WENO格式数值通量由方程的解进行WENO插值得到,在曲线坐标系下具有保自由流性质。首先给出了保自由流WENO格式精度和保自由流的数值验证,然后计算圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混气燃烧流场,并考察不同半径圆柱的影响,给出燃烧流场压力与温度等值线和云图、压力和温度沿过驻点线分布。结果表明:在考核计算结果网格无关性基础上,该WENO格式可准确地捕捉激波和火焰阵面形状、激波和火焰面驻点距离,得到的计算结果和文献结果相符。增大圆柱半径,激波和火焰面被推向来流方向,激波和火焰面之间距离也减小。和TVD格式相比,5阶WENO格式采用四分之一的网格数可得到近似相同的计算结果。     

蒸汽吸入对压气机气动稳定性影响试验和数值研究

研究蒸汽吸入和旋流畸变对压气机气动稳定性的影响,以某两级低速轴流压气机为试验研究对象,建立压气机蒸汽吸入和旋流畸变试验台。试验结果表明:压气机吸入蒸汽引起入口总压和总温畸变,转速增加,总压畸变强度增大,总温畸变强度减小。蒸汽吸入导致总压比和稳定裕度降低,当压气机转速为600 r/min和800 r/min时,稳定裕度分别降低15%和63%。蒸汽吸入和反向整体涡旋流畸变两者共同作用下稳定裕度下降更为显著,当转速为600 r/min和800 r/min时,稳定裕度分别降低630%和1264%。对试验压气机进行蒸汽吸入数值模拟研究,结果表明:压气机转速为600 r/min和800 r/min时,稳定裕度分别降低321%和812%。     

基于红外视频的火灾探测算法

视频火灾探测技术成为火灾探测的主要研究方向之一,该技术的难点是保证对火灾准确快速地探测。针对目前视频火灾探测识别率较低、报警时间较长的问题,为了提高火灾识别率,增强算法实时性,本文提出一种红外视频的火灾火焰探测方法,采用带有截止可见光透红外滤波片的摄像头采集现场红外影像,结合火焰的静态和动态特征,对火灾进行准确快速探测,同时,综合运用火焰圆形度和尖角个数变化判据对稳定火焰和非稳定火焰进行区别,实现对火灾的分级报警。实验结果表明,改进算法对火焰识别的准确性高,抗干扰能力较强,并且具有显著的快速性,其处理速度达到20ms/帧,并且系统平均报警时间小于200ms。     

Numerical simulation of flow in swirl injector for power-law fluid

In order to investigate the flow characteristics of swirl injectors for gelled propellants, which actually behaved as non-Newtonian power-law fluid, a swirl axisymmetric model was established to solve Navier-Stokes equations and VOF (volume of fluid) equation, and the power-law constitutive equation was used to describe the rheology characteristics of the gelled propellants. The film thickness and velocity distribution in the swirl injector under different flow conditions were studied numerically. The simulation results show that the increased geometry characteristic parameter of the swirl injector contributes to the decrease of liquid film thickness. The liquid film thickness is almost independent of the pressure drop. The rheologic parameters have great influences on the inner flow of swirl injector: by increasing the fluid consistency index K and power index n, both the axial and the swirl velocities decrease dramatically; higher fluid consistency index K and power index n make the liquid film thickness increase. When the viscosity is large enough, the air core in the injector would vanish.      

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

旋流数对分层旋流流场影响的大涡模拟研究

为了深入理解分层旋流流场特征和燃烧稳定性,采用OpenFOAM对分层旋流燃烧器的冷态和燃烧流场进行了大涡模拟。研究了旋流数对分层旋流流场结构和非稳态特性的影响。采用Q准则显示了流场中的瞬时涡结构;利用功率谱分析了流场中的进动特征。结果表明：在冷态工况下,旋流对回流区的位置和大小影响较小。随着旋流数增大,出口气流受到旋流诱导的离心作用,流动发散,流场扩张角变大,流场下游出现二次回流区。平均流场的三维流线与螺旋涡在空间中均表现成正交关系,表明螺旋涡是由剪切层Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性产生。在燃烧工况下,随着旋流数增大,回流区的面积增大,平均温度分布不断沿径向扩张,火焰锋面脉动增强,涡旋发生破碎的位置明显向上游移动。     

多级轴流压气机彻体力模型——三维应用

利用基于彻体力模型建立的时间推进三维计算模型,获得了某单级跨声速压气机在周向总压进气畸变下的总体特性及流场分布,并与相关试验数据进行对比,以验证该模型的准确性及可靠性。随后利用该模型详细分析了进口分别存在周向总压进气畸变及对涡旋流畸变下某四级低速轴流压气机内部流场特征。单级跨声速压气机总体特性的计算结果与相关试验数据的相对误差不超过2%,且内部流场参数的分布特征也与试验结果相吻合。四级低速轴流压气机的计算结果反映周向总压进气畸变导致压气机气动性能及稳定性恶化,对涡旋流进气畸变则影响有限。同时揭示了不同形式的进气畸变在多级轴流压气机内部的传递过程,充分说明该模型在进气畸变这类工程问题中的广泛应用前景。      

静力试验位移测量异常原因分析及推算方法研究

分析了发动机机架静力试验过程中某重要位移测点出现位移测量异常的原因,提出了几点改进措施,包括打磨接触面、采用粘贴面积较大的测量块等;另外,考虑到此次静力试验其余测点位移正常、试验过程结构和加载稳定,通过结构整体刚度分析,提出一种利用正常测点来推算异常测点位移的方法,采用两次未出现测量异常的抽检静试数据对此推算方法进行验证,分析推算值与测量值之间的误差,结果表明,这种理论推算方法的推算误差小于5％。     

热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发影响的数值研究

为研究热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发的影响,运用34步26组分丙烷基元反应进行了二维数值模拟,获得了5种不同的热射流发生器几何结构下的爆震管内火焰传播规律及缓燃向爆震转捩(deflagration to detonation transition,DDT)的时间与距离.结果表明:爆震管中湍流在火焰加速阶段起着重要作用,在爆震波触发阶段激波与火焰相互作用占有主导地位.根据DDT过程的定义,得到DDT时间在1.4~2.0ms之间,同时发现热射流发生器长度为150mm,热射流发生器孔径在8mm时DDT时间最短,热射流发生器长度及孔径对DDT距离的影响不大.