三床型机载制氧系统控制设计与实验验证

为解决两床型机载制氧系统在实际应用过程中出现的输出压力波动大及低空氧浓度偏高等问题,需研制与开发三床型机载制氧系统。为此,依据系统控制逻辑,采用电磁阀驱动电控气动阀循环工作的控制模式,开展了三床型机载制氧系统的控制设计,提出了高低空分段调节循环周期的控制方法,并在不同输入压力、流量条件下,对三床型机载制氧系统进行了循环周期实验,探索了产品气氧浓度随循环周期时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:当采用高空循环周期为6 s,低空循环周期为9 s,高低空分段高度为3.5 km等控制参数时,系统控制设计可适用于三床型机载制氧系统,并满足三床型机载制氧系统控制设计的需求。      

俄月球-全球等探测任务中的无线电科学试验

俄罗斯航天局正在规划和推进新的月球探测计划,包括月球-资源和月球-全球探测任务,它们搭载了3个无线电科学载荷:2个无线电信标机分别安装在2个着陆器上,1个Ka波段接收机安装在月球-全球轨道器上。信标机发射频率为8.4GHz和32GHz。8.4GHz的微波信号将被发回地球,利用地面VLBI监测网对信号进行测量,其结果可用于精密的天体力学观测及导航,还能用于月球天平动研究;32GHz信号将用于定轨和月球重力场研究。Ka波段信号天线轴指向着陆区天顶方向,信号由轨道器接收。本文基于对Ka波段信号多普勒频移的精确测量,通过研究着陆区附近重力场的微小变化(约3~5mGal精度),探讨月球重力场的不均匀性,其测量数据的空间分辨率约为20km。     

民用航空发动机水洗时机决策方法

为了解决民用航空发动机定时水洗带来的水洗效果不明显或者未及时水洗的问题,对发动机水洗时机决策方法进行了研究.对水洗效果进行了分析,提出以期望水洗效果作为水洗时机确定的依据.考虑到水洗效果影响因素众多以及水洗样本容量小,将主成分分析与支持向量机结合起来,建立了发动机水洗效果预测模型.基于期望水洗效果以及预测的水洗效果确定合理的水洗时机.验证结果表明,建立的水洗效果预测模型优于多元线性回归模型,也优于单纯的支持向量机模型.     

高压涡轮导叶内冷通道流动特性计算分析

涡轮叶片内部冷却特性直接影响到叶片的壁面温度分布,必须对其展开详细的研究。本文利用网络法计算研究了某高压涡轮导叶内部冷却通道中的流动和换热特性,并进行了相应的流量特性试验研究。结果表明,改进后的计算程序可以较为准确地模拟出叶片内部冷却通道中的流量分配和压力、温度分布,以及冷气沿径向和弦向的压力损失。流量特性计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。      

超声速边界层转捩实验可控扰动的引入方法

通过数值模拟的方法,研究了在二维平板超声速边界层中,由壁面处安装的激振薄膜引入的扰动的演化过程.主要得到了如下结论:由激振薄膜引入的扰动能很快演化成标准的T-S波,但扰动的各物理量的演化为T-S波的速度并不相同,即各物理量并不同时形成T-S波,速度最先形成,而温度最晚.在相同的条件下,由不同激振形式或不同宽度的薄膜引入的扰动的演化速度基本相同.     

A material experiment for small satellites to characterise the behaviour of carbon nanotubes in space – development and ground validation

Over the last years, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) drew interdisciplinary attention. Regarding space technologies a variety of potential applications were proposed and investigated. However, no complex data on the behaviour and degradation process of carbon nanotubes under space environment exist. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the performance of these new materials in space environment and to revaluate the application potential of CNTs in space technologies.Hence, CiREX (Carbon Nanotubes – Resistance Experiment) was developed as a part of a student project. It is a small and compact experiment, which is designed for CubeSat class space satellites. These are a class of nanosatellites with a standardized size and shape. The CiREX design, electrical measurements and the satellites interfaces will be discussed in detail. CiREX is the first in-situ space material experiment for CNTs.To evaluate the data obtained from CiREX, ground validation tests are mandatory. As part of an extensive test series the behaviour of CNTs under solar ultra violet light (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) was examined. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and MWNT/resin composite (ME) were exposed to different light sources. After the exposure, the defect density was investigated with Raman spectroscopy. There is a clear indication that UV and VUV light can increase the defect density of untreated CNTs and influence the electrical behaviour.     

空间与地面炉内压力和加热功率对炉内温场的影响

天宫二号空间综合材料实验装置的炉内压力和加热功率均影响炉内温场.针对空间与地面对比实验,分析了炉内压力和温场相同时炉丝加热功率的变化,以及炉内温场和炉丝加热功率相同时炉内压力的变化.地面实验时,炉内气体被炉丝加热后,由于重力作用产生对流,从而影响炉膛温度.炉内压力为1atm时,空间与地面实验的加热功率比约为97.5%.空间实验时,由于对流效应减弱,炉内压力变化对其最高温度影响减小.空间与地面的对比实验结果表明,地面炉内压力为空间炉内压力（1atm）的50%时,空间与地面实验的加热功率和温场等参数接近一致.这对于空间高温材料实验装置设计具有重要指导和参考意义.     

具有载荷扰动抑制的卫星姿态控制方法及验证

针对载荷转动对星体产生的呈周期变化的干扰,开展了干扰抑制方法研究。利用干扰的周期特性,基于李亚普诺夫原理设计了参数未知的周期干扰力矩的辨识算法,实现了卫星姿态的自适应控制。最后进行了物理仿真试验,利用真实的星载计算机和控制部件,在气浮台上进行了试验验证,结果表明,算法有效地抑制了载荷转动的干扰,卫星的姿态稳定度提高了50%,且算法简单,易于星上软件实现。     

Water surface temperature estimation from Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal infrared data using the generalized single-channel method: Case study of Embalse del Río Tercero (Córdoba,Argentina)

Monitoring of warm distribution in water is fundamental to understand the performance and functioning of reservoirs and lakes. Surface water temperature is a key parameter in the physics of aquatic systems processes since it is closely related to the energy fluxes through the water–atmosphere interface. Remote sensing applied to water quality studies in inland waterbodies is a powerful tool that can provide additional information difficult to achieve by other means. The combination of good real-time coverage, spatial resolution and free availability of data makes Landsat system a proper alternative. Many papers have developed algorithms to retrieve surface temperature (principally, land surface temperature) from at-sensor and surface emissivity data. The aim of this study is to apply the single-channel generalized method (SCGM) developed by Jiménez-Muñoz and Sobrino (2003) for the estimation of water surface temperature from Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal bands. We consider a constant water emissivity value (0.9885) and we compare the results with radiative transfer classic method (RTM).     

Analysis of precipitable water vapor from GPS measurements in Chengdu region: Distribution and evolution characteristics in autumn

The rainfall process of Chengdu region in autumn has obvious regional features. Especially, the night-time rain rate of this region in this season is very high in China. Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation of regional atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for our understanding of water vapor related processes, such as rainfall, evaporation, convective activity, among others in this area. Since GPS detection technology has the unique characteristics, such as all-weather, high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution as well as low cost, tracking and monitoring techniques on water vapor has achieved rapid developments in recent years. With GPS–PWV data at 30-min interval gathered from six GPS observational stations in Chengdu region in two autumns (September 2007–December 2007 and September 2008–December 2008), it is revealed that negative correlations exist between seasonally averaged value of GPS–PWV as well as its variation amplitude and local terrain altitude. The variation of PWV in the upper atmosphere of this region results from the water vapor variation from surface to 850 hPa. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it is found that the autumn PWV in Chengdu region has a multi-scale feature, which includes a seasonal cycle, 22.5 days period (quasi-tri-weekly oscillation). The variation of the GPS–PWV is related to periodical change in the transmitting of the water vapor caused by zonal and meridional wind strengths’ change and to the East Asian monsoon system. According to seasonal variation characteristics, we concluded that the middle October is the critical turning point in PWV content. On a shorter time scale, the relationship between autumn PWV and ground meteorological elements was obtained using the composite analysis approach.