Multi-parameter optimization of machining impeller surface based on the on-machine measuring technique

Selecting the optimal machining parameters for impeller surface is a challenging task in the automatic manufacturing industry, due to its free-form surface and deep-crooked flow channel. Existing experimental methods require lots of machining experiments and off-line tests, which may lead to high machining cost and low efficiency. This paper proposes a novel method of machining parameters optimization for an impeller based on the on-machine measuring technique. The absolute average error and standard deviation of the measured points are used to define the grey relational grade for reconstructing the objective function, and the complex problem of multi-objective optimization is simplified into a problem of single-objective optimization. Then, by comparing the values of the defined grey relational grade in a designed orthogonal experiment, the optimal combination of the machining parameters is obtained. The experiment-solving process of the objective function corresponds to the minimization of the used errors, which is advantageous to reducing the machining error. The proposed method is efficient and low-cost, since it does not require re-clamping the workpiece for off-line tests. Its effectiveness is verified by an on-machine inspection experiment of the impeller blade.     

基于DSP的数控XY工作台同步触发测控系统

为了验证多影响因素作用下的数控XY工作台误差补偿效果，必须设计能够实现温度、运动速度、X/Y坐标位置、标准量实时采集与同步触发的测控系统，用于补偿实验验证。介绍了能够实现工作台运动速度、温度、光栅尺与电感测微仪同步触发并实时采集的测控系统。以数控XY工作台为研究对象，采用电感测微仪为工作台位移标准量，DSP为主控芯片，搭建了实验装置进行了实时采集、同步触发和比对实验，以及测控系统测量误差和重复性误差实验。实验结果表明，所设计的测控系统可以实现预设目标，可以用于不同影响因素下的数控XY工作台位移量与标准量的实时比对，验证工作台误差补偿效果，也为后续数控机床在机测量系统误差补偿器的研制打下基础。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

潜艇应急燃气吹除过程的数值仿真及实验验证

进行了潜艇应急燃气吹除系统的小比例模型原理实验,模拟了水下100 m深度时燃气吹除的排水性能与规律以及燃气吹除过程中的主要性能参数变化情况.建立了模拟小比例实验吹除过程的物理模型,应用结构化六面体网格对其两相流体流动区域进行了计算区域的离散化,并对100m海水深度下的燃气吹除过程进行了数值仿真计算,得到了对燃气泡成长规律的描述,深化了对排水过程机理的认识.仿真结果与实际情况的实验结果十分吻合,混合气体压力和排水总体积的相对误差均不超过5%,验证了数值仿真方法的可行性.     

Theoretical investigation on water/metal fuel ramjet motor-thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic calculation

For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.      

低热值气体燃料燃烧室数值模拟与试验研究

以某型航空发动机燃烧室为研究对象,对低热值燃料燃烧室进行了数值模拟和试验研究。采用RNGk-ε模型、小火焰紊流燃烧模型和P-1辐射模型,预估了紊流特性、化学反应速率和辐射通量;应用SIMPLE算法,对离散方程进行求解。计算结果与试验数据比较表明二者基本吻合,这说明计算方法合理,可用来估算低热值燃料燃烧室的燃烧性能。     

基于PIV技术的沙棘柔性坝影响下水流表面流速沿程变化特性试验分析

基于PIV技术,在野外试验基地,开展了沙棘植物柔性坝对水流表面流速场影响的野外试验.探索在大型野外水流试验中应用PIV技术的可行性.主要分析与讨论了沙棘植物柔性坝作用下水流表面流速的沿程变化特性,以反映沙棘植物对水流的阻滞效应.结果表明:将PIV技术应用于大型野外水流试验研究中是可行的;与无植物的对比段对比表明,植物对水流具有很强的阻滞消能作用,坝前表面流速最大,水流进入沙棘柔性坝后,表面流速迅速减小,水化雍高;受植物排的影响,沙棘柔性坝水流表面流速变化表现出缓慢的波浪型态或曲折的"之"字变化型态;水流流出沙棘柔性坝后,表面流速沿程开始逐渐恢复,并趋向于坝前对比段表面流速分布.本研究可为山区沟道开展以植物为主体的滞流拦沙水土保持生态工程提供理论依据.     

控制受限柔性航天器姿态机动内闭环成形控制

针对柔性航天器带有执行机构饱和的姿态控制问题,提出了一种将反馈控制与内闭环信号成形相结合的控制方法。将成形器作用于系统内闭环回路中,通过人为引入控制延时达到抑制振动的目的,避免敏感器扰动、执行机构饱和等非线性影响控制器振动抑制效果。全物理实验结果表明,在反作用飞轮存在控制力矩饱和的情况下,该方法不仅使航天器快速地、平稳地完成高精度姿态机动,而且显著地减少了柔性结构的弹性振动,具有算法简单、易于在轨实时计算的优点。
     

适用无人机的小型燃料电池控制方法

燃料电池动力系统作为一种长航时电动无人机的动力方案,其燃料电池的控制技术是决定动力系统可靠性和高效性的关键技术。针对用于无人机的小型空冷型开放阴极的质子交换膜燃料电池,考虑面向工程应用的燃料电池整体控制过程,兼顾电堆温度控制和水管理,提出了一种前馈型模糊PID的电堆温度控制方法,同时设计了一种基于安时积分门限法的膜水含量调节策略,以实现对整个燃料电池系统的高效控制。通过搭建燃料电池温度控制与水管理试验平台,对所提出的控制技术进行了试验验证,并与现有温控和水管理方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：所提前馈型模糊PID方法在较长时间的燃料电池启动过程中能够较快地达到目标温度,相比于PID方法减少了7%的调节时间,与传统模糊PID方法相当;燃料电池电流持续减小时,所提前馈型模糊PID方法对超调量的抑制效果具有明显优势,其超调量仅为PID方法的34%,为传统模糊PID方法的43%;所提安时积分门限排水控制方法既能防止水淹故障,又可提高燃料经济性,在所给工况中相比现有方法节约了15%的氢气。     

抵御中心机系统异常风险的策略研究

为解决因中心机异常可能造成的飞行器试验指挥控制失灵问题,研究物理与信息冗余相结合的解决策略,通过规避导致软件系统瘫痪的数据处理周期,自动接收飞行器起飞时间,人机结合判断系统故障等技术,采用异构备份方法,构建了一个具有异常控制机制的中心机系统。当中心机系统异常导致瘫痪故障时,该系统可在数秒内使数据处理功能恢复正常并完成后续任务,抵御中心机系统异常带来的风险,提高了中心机系统的可靠性。