数字全息测量超高速撞击碎片云实验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速碰撞中心(HIRC)7.6 mm超高速碰撞设备的基础上，搭建纳秒级脉冲激光数字全息系统。提出滤波片和衰减片组合布置，减弱超高速碰撞等离子体自发光、提高信噪比的方法。实验获得了2.25 mm铝球弹丸以4.0 km/s的速度撞击0.5 mm厚铝板形成碎片云的全息图。采用小波变换算法对碎片云全息图进行重建，得到超高速撞击碎片云的三维结构和碎片大小。碎片云的轮廓呈椭球型，分为碎片云的前端、核心和外壳，碎片主要分布在弹丸破碎形成的碎片云核心，存在大碎片，且分布较集中，对后板的损伤也严重     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

Availability modeling for periodically inspection system with different lifetime and repair-time distribution

Availability is a main feature of design and operation of all engineering system. Recently,availability evaluation of periodical inspection systems with different structures is at the center of attention due to the wide application in engineering. In this paper, an analytical and probabilistic availability model for periodical inspection system is proposed by a new recursively algorithm,which can achieve limiting average availability and instantaneous availability of periodical inspection system under arbitrary lifetime and repair-time distributions. Then three application examples are presented, the systems lifetime and repair-time are respectively fellow exponential/exponential,Weibull/normal and Weibull/lognormal distribution. Finally, a Weibull/lognormal system is studied to analyze the dynamic relationship between inspection period and availability. The results indicate that the proposed approach can provide the technology support for improving system availability and determining reasonable inspection period.     

基于ALE法的水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能分析

水陆两栖飞机的着水性能是体现其综合性能的重要因素之一.应用ALE法对三种水陆两栖飞机船体截面进行入水仿真计算,从着水载荷、喷溅性能及运动响应三个方面对着水性能进行综合评估.对比分析了直线型、带舭弯弧形、复合型三种构型截面在不同速度、不同重量下的压力分布、喷溅性能以及运动响应,得到了三种截面横向压力分布规律.计算结果显示相同状态下,喷溅性能复合型优于带舭弯弧形、带舭弯弧形优于直线型;过载复合型远大于带舭弯弧形,带舭弯弧形稍大于直线型,综合看来带舭弯弧形截面着水性能最佳.     

压气机叶片型面精密数控铣加工技术应用研究

为了提高压气机叶片型面和进、排气边转接圆角的数控铣加工质量,在工艺、夹具、数控加工模型与程序以及检测方法等方面采取了攻关措施,减小了叶片型面精铣加工的变形,实现了叶身型面的精密铣削加工,对型面采用毡轮修光去除铣削痕迹后,经过3坐标、小半径投影仪等设备的测量,进、排气边转接圆角的形状和型面轮廓度、位置度各项要求的加工质量得到了质的提升,其合格率由20％提高到75％以上,加工效率和刀具耐用度提高1倍以上,使叶身型面精密铣削技术具备了精品叶片批量生产的工程化应用技术基础.     

典型工况下低排放燃烧室的压力振荡特性

为了研究低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡特性,针对模型燃烧室进行了燃烧自激振荡特性试验.在试验中测量了采用贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧技术的低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡频率和幅值,在燃烧室进口压力为1.10～2.77MPa、燃烧室进口温度为656～845 K、燃烧室压降为3.41％～4.35％范围内,分析了燃油粒径变化对振荡特性的影响.分析结果表明:局部当量比脉动是引发燃烧不稳定的因素之一.通过计算燃油二次雾化状态下的液滴最大粒径,发现燃油液滴粒径的变化对主燃级出口处的局部当量比脉动有直接影响,从而引起燃烧室压力振荡幅值和频率的变化.     

基于响应面法的齿轮容差设计方法研究

随着附件传动系统不断向高速、重载方向发展,齿面接触可靠性问题越来越受关注.为提高齿轮可靠性,分析了齿轮传动系统常见误差类型及影响,开展了齿轮容差设计初步探讨.根据齿轮制造、加工及系统动态误差的产生原理和作用方式,基于齿轮接触应力仿真结果,确定了影响齿轮接触应力随机性的5种主要误差形式及其特征量分布规律,提出了基于响应面法的齿轮容差设计方法,给出了齿轮系统公差设计的改进方向:在进行齿轮公差设计时,重点控制H、V方向的轴向平行度公差.     

带自由表面水流的分离涡模拟

目前水动力学问题的数值求解仍然广泛采用RANS模型,特别对于大尺度的地表水流的数值模拟,该类模型计算效率较高,但其难以给出湍流场的小尺度涡结构.深入研究复杂地形条件下的水流运动,需要发展诸如LES等的高级数值模型.天然地表水流,地形、边界复杂,雷诺数通常较高,高级数值模拟受限于计算能力的限制,还难以工程应用.RANS和LES混合模型是目前具有工程应用的一种混合数值模型,其已经在CFD领域获得了长足发展.然而对于地表水流运动的数值模拟,相关工作还较少.本文将分离涡模型(DES),即一种RANS和LES的混合模型,应用于带自由表面的地表水流运动,建立了一套数值仿真模型.模型基于有限体积法,水平面内采用非结构计算网格,垂向为结构化网格,对流项离散格式采用二阶TVD格式,并行基于OpenMP语言库.算例表明DES模型有助于揭示复杂地形条件下带自由表面水流的大涡拟序结构.     

不同进口截面下液力透平非定常压力脉动计算

为了研究不同进口截面对液力透平内压力脉动的影响,利用CFX软件对一单级液力透平进行非定常数值计算,通过设置监测点,计算各监测点在不同进口截面下的压力脉动,通过快速傅里叶变换将其压力脉动计算结果做相应分析,分析各监测点处压力脉动的时域和频域分布.结果表明:蜗壳内在大蜗壳进口下,随着蜗壳进口直径的增加,每个监测点处的压力逐渐增加,而在小蜗壳进口下,每个监测点处的压力逐渐减小.在距离蜗壳收缩管较远处,大蜗壳进口下的压力脉动较小,而在距离收缩管较近处,小蜗壳进口下的压力脉动较小.在叶轮内不同进口截面压力脉动的差异在同一时刻从进口到出口逐渐减小.尾水管内在小蜗壳进口下尾水管进口处的压力脉动最大.