Exploiting the Sentinel-3 tandem phase dataset and azimuth oversampling to better characterize the sensitivity of SAR altimeter sea surface height to long ocean waves

Being the very first SAR mode altimeter tandem phase, the Sentinel-3 A/B tandem phase has provided an unprecedented opportunity to better characterize the sensitivity of SAR altimetry retrievals to high-frequency processes, such as long ocean waves. In this paper, we show that for some sea-state conditions, that are still to be precisely characterized, long ocean waves are responsible for high-frequency (spatial and temporal) coherent Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) signals. It is found that the peak wavelength corresponds to the dominant swell wavelength. Furthermore, the short time lag between S3-A and S3-B acquisitions allows performing cross-spectral analyses that reveal phase shifts consistent with waves travelling according to the wave dispersion relation. It is also demonstrated that the classical 20 Hz sampling frequency is insufficient to properly sample most swell-induced SLA signals and that aliasing can generate errors over the entire frequency spectrum, including at long wavelengths. These results advocate for the use of azimuth oversampling (40 Hz or 80 Hz). Low-pass filtering should be applied prior to any down-sampling to 20 Hz, in order to prevent long-wavelength errors induced by spectral leakage.     

Sealing reliability modeling of aviation seal based on interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface

Many variables affect the sealing performance, and their distribution characteristics are difficult to obtain with probabilistic methods owing to the high cost involved. Numerous problems in engineering are similar due to the appearance of small-sample parameters. In this study, the sealing reliability of an aviation seal was defined as the research object, and an interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface were proposed to calculate the sealing reliability.Based on this, we first analyzed the failure mechanism of the aviation seal and established a leakage rate model. Then, based on the non-probabilistic interval model, an interval uncertainty method was proposed to construct the analytical model. With reference to the limit state equation from the structural reliability theory, the multidimensional response surface was used for fast calculation.Then, we chose the single-cylinder gas steering gear used in aircraft as the case study, its sealing reliability in working and non-working statuses were calculated, and the results were verified with the actual maintenance records. By analyzing the sensitivity of some variables, we can improve the sealing reliability of the aviation seal by improving the surface roughness only if the cost allows.Finally, we consider that the method proposed in this study realizes the application of smallsample uncertainty analysis in reliability analysis, and could provide a feasible way to solve the similar problems in engineering with multidimensional and small-sample parameters.     

Application of time-variable process noise in terrestrial reference frames determined from VLBI data

In recent years, Kalman filtering has emerged as a suitable technique to determine terrestrial reference frames (TRFs), a prime example being JTRF2014. The time series approach allows variations of station coordinates that are neither reduced by observational corrections nor considered in the functional model to be taken into account. These variations are primarily due to non-tidal geophysical loading effects that are not reduced according to the current IERS Conventions (2010). It is standard practice that the process noise models applied in Kalman filter TRF solutions are derived from time series of loading displacements and account for station dependent differences. So far, it has been assumed that the parameters of these process noise models are constant over time. However, due to the presence of seasonal and irregular variations, this assumption does not truly reflect reality. In this study, we derive a station coordinate process noise model allowing for such temporal variations. This process noise model and one that is a parameterized version of the former are applied in the computation of TRF solutions based on very long baseline interferometry data. In comparison with a solution based on a constant process noise model, we find that the station coordinates are affected at the millimeter level.     

Multi-parameter optimization of machining impeller surface based on the on-machine measuring technique

Selecting the optimal machining parameters for impeller surface is a challenging task in the automatic manufacturing industry, due to its free-form surface and deep-crooked flow channel. Existing experimental methods require lots of machining experiments and off-line tests, which may lead to high machining cost and low efficiency. This paper proposes a novel method of machining parameters optimization for an impeller based on the on-machine measuring technique. The absolute average error and standard deviation of the measured points are used to define the grey relational grade for reconstructing the objective function, and the complex problem of multi-objective optimization is simplified into a problem of single-objective optimization. Then, by comparing the values of the defined grey relational grade in a designed orthogonal experiment, the optimal combination of the machining parameters is obtained. The experiment-solving process of the objective function corresponds to the minimization of the used errors, which is advantageous to reducing the machining error. The proposed method is efficient and low-cost, since it does not require re-clamping the workpiece for off-line tests. Its effectiveness is verified by an on-machine inspection experiment of the impeller blade.     

Analytical and numerical approaches of a solar array thermal analysis in a low-earth orbit satellite

This paper researches the thermal analysis of a fixed-type solar array in a low-earth orbit satellite through both an analytical method with a simplified thermal model and a numerical method with a detailed thermal model.     

新型平面短路结构宽带振子天线的设计

提出了一种改进后的新型平面短路结构宽带振子天线.与普通振子天线相比,该天线的平面短路结构更利于与载体表面共形.通过对天线主要结构参数分析优化,这种新型天线,凭借着其独特的外形结构和阻抗加载技术,相比于同类天线不但实现了天线尺寸的小型化,而且有更好的带宽和辐射特性.软件仿真表明,该天线在超短波甚高频(VHF,Very High Frequency)工作频段(30~88MHz)内满足电压驻波比小于3,垂直极化,水平全向辐射,辐射强度在工作频段优于-10 dB,辐射增益平坦度在2 dB以内.计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,该天线在超短波通信系统中有较好的应用前景.     

高温不锈钢的磨削温度测量与烧伤现象分析

针对高温不锈钢1Cr11Ni2W2MoV磨削过程中磨削区内部瞬时温度、磨削表面平均温度的测量方法以及工件表面平均温度与烧伤程度之间的关系进行了研究,分析了工件表面烧伤程度对材料金相组织的影响.通过研究得到了陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮磨削1Cr11Ni2W2MoV时磨削区内部瞬时温度,证明工件表面的烧伤最直接因素是磨削表面的平均温度,在不同的磨削参数下,表面平均温度超过540℃就形成黄色的微烧伤,随着温度的升高,烧伤程度不断加重.同时,表面烧伤会使马氏体晶格变成细小的退火微晶变质层,烧伤越严重,微晶变质层的厚度越大.     

基于试验气动力的飞机副翼效率优化

针对弹性后掠翼飞机在使用试验气动力分析时所出现的副翼反效问题,利用遗传算法对机翼结构进行优化.弹性飞机副翼效率计算采用试验气动力.重点针对一个发生副翼反效的严重飞行状态点进行了机翼结构优化,对比分析了优化前后副翼效率、相同副翼偏度下所产生的滚转率随飞行动压的变化及颤振特性的变化.并比较了基于试验气动力的情况下只针对单一飞行攻角的优化结果和同时考虑多个飞行攻角的优化结果,分析了飞行攻角对优化结果的影响.结果证明:利用结构优化方法可有效在详细设计阶段解决弹性飞机严重飞行状态点副翼反效问题,并且优化结果对飞机颤振特性基本无影响.     

展成法加工的弧齿锥齿轮仿切几何建模方法

提出了一种针对展成法加工的弧齿锥齿轮几何建模方法.该方法有两个步骤:(1)通过模仿弧齿锥齿轮加工中的切齿建立参考模型;(2)从参考模型上选择数据点,将这些数据点拟合为NURBS曲面,从而建立最终的实体模型.该方法中,通过模仿切削可以避免深奥的数学理论和复杂的方法,方便地在齿轮制造出来之前(设计阶段)得到复杂齿面上的数据点,并有效提高实体模型的精度.另外,最终得到的模型齿面统一由NURBS曲面函数表示,NURBS曲面连续和光滑,可为CAD/CAE广泛使用.实验表明,通过该方法能够精确建立一对弧齿锥齿轮模型,为CAD/CAE建模提供了一种可行有效的思路.     

热控涂层参数对卫星辐射特性的影响

为分析卫星红外和可见光双光谱辐射特性,分别建立了采用节点网络法求解卫星表面热控涂层温度和卫星辐射特性的计算模型,依据粗糙表面光散射理论计算了涂层表面对太阳、地球和地球反照辐射的吸收和反射。通过数值模拟,计算分析了卫星对地面的温度变化规律。最后,选择不同的热控涂层参数,获得了对卫星在红外和可见光波段的辐射特征的影响。