基层级航空弹药技术保障中保障人员的配置优化

介绍了航空弹药保障人员的特点,建立了保障人员的优化配置模型,并对该模型进行了验证。     

飞机地面保障车辆液压缸闭环数字式控制系统开发研究

介绍了液压控制在飞机地面保障车辆中的应用,提出了现存应用中的弊端,设计一套完整的闭环数字式控制系统,解决了PC与PLC之间的通讯问题,并且开发了相关的计算机监控软件系统。     

The IGY and beyond: A brief history of ground-based cosmic-ray detectors

The state of art of ground-based cosmic-ray research from its discovery to present is reviewed. After discovery of cosmic rays by Hess in 1912, the nature of the primary and secondary radiation was established from recordings by a variety of instruments, sensitive to various components of cosmic rays and operated at different latitudes, longitudes and altitudes, including instruments carried by balloons. The IGY formalized international co-operation and coordinated study of cosmic rays, which is vital for meaningful interpretation of cosmic-ray data. Data collected at different geographic locations require an effective cutoff rigidity as a data ordering parameter. This parameter is obtained from tracing trajectories of primary cosmic rays in the Earth’s magnetic field. After 50 years the world’s neutron monitor network remains still the backbone for studying intensity variations of primary cosmic rays in the rigidity ranges between 1 and 15 GV, associated with transport and with transient events. Also the penetrating muon and neutrino components of secondary cosmic rays have a long history of recording and fundamental problem investigations. Valuable data about composition and spectrum of primary cosmic rays in ever increasing high-energy regions have been obtained during the years of investigations with various configurations and types of extensive air shower detectors. The culture of personal involvement of the physicist in carrying out experiments and data acquisition characterized the continued vitality of cosmic-ray investigations ranging from its atmospheric, geomagnetic and heliospheric transport through to its solar and astrophysical origins.     

Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support

NASA’s Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center was decommissioned in 1998, but several crop tests were conducted that have not been reported in the open literature. These include several monoculture studies with wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and tomato. For all of these studies, either 10 or 20 m² of plants were grown in an atmospherically closed chamber (113 m³ vol.) using a hydroponic nutrient film technique along with elevated CO₂ (1000 or 1200 μmol mol⁻¹). Canopy light (PAR) levels ranged from 17 to 85 mol m⁻² d⁻¹ depending on the species and photoperiod. Total biomass (DM) productivities reached 39.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 27.2 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 19.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 15.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean, and 7.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce. Edible biomass (DM) productivities reached 18.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 11.3 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 9.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 7.1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce, and 6.0 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean. The corresponding radiation (light) use efficiencies for total biomass were 0.64 g mol⁻¹ PAR for potato, 0.59 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, 0.51 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.46 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, and 0.43 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. Radiation use efficiencies for edible biomass were 0.44 g mol⁻¹ for potato, 0.42 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, 0.25 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.17 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, and 0.16 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. By initially growing seedlings at a dense spacing and then transplanting them to the final production area could have saved about 12 d in each production cycle, and hence improved edible biomass productivities and radiation use efficiencies by 66% for lettuce (to 11.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.70 g mol⁻¹), 16% for tomato (to 11.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹and 0.29 g mol⁻¹), 13% for soybean (to 6.9 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.19 g mol⁻¹), and 13% for potato (to 20.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.50 g mol⁻¹). Since wheat was grown at higher densities, transplanting seedlings would not have improved yields. Tests with wheat resulted in a relatively low harvest index of 29%, which may have been caused by ethylene or other organic volatile compounds (VOCs) accumulating in the chamber. Assuming a higher harvest index of 40% could be achieved by scrubbing VOCs, productivity of wheat seed could have been improved nearly 40% to 15.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and edible biomass radiation use efficiency to 0.30 g mol⁻¹.     

湿滑道面飞机轮胎临界滑水速度计算方法比较

以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)临界滑水速度计算公式为基础,基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)算法建立动流场冲击原地转动轮胎分析模型,并由NASA公式及试验数据验证了模型的正确性及NASA公式在重轴载高胎压范围的适用性。进而考虑实际道面积水状态,建立滚动轮胎冲击静流场模型,探讨实际积水状态对临界滑水速度的影响。通过两类模型对比分析得出:两类模型的轮胎-水膜相互作用机理不同,相同速度和胎压下,后者在轮胎前缘形成的动水压强峰值明显高于前者,表明滚动轮胎冲击静流场模型中轮胎受到动水压强抬升作用更为显著,且相同速度条件下,滚动轮胎冲击静流场分析模型计算的竖向支撑力和临界滑水速度始终低于动流场冲击滚动轮胎的结果,表明该模型计算结果偏于安全,更适用于飞机高速滑行中轮胎-水膜相互作用分析。据此,提出了基于道面积水状态的临界滑水速度计算公式。     

Cowpeas and pinto beans: Performance and yields of candidate space crops in the laboratory biosphere closed ecological system

An experiment utilizing cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat (Triticum sativa L.) was conducted in the soil-based closed ecological facility, Laboratory Biosphere, from February to May 2005. The lighting regime was 13 h light/11 h dark at a light intensity of 960 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 45 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ supplied by high-pressure sodium lamps. The pinto beans and cowpeas were grown at two different planting densities. Pinto bean production was 341.5 g dry seed m⁻² (5.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 579.5 dry seed m⁻² (9.20 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 32.5 plants m⁻² and 37.5 plants m⁻², respectively. Cowpea yielded 187.9 g dry seed m⁻² (2.21 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 348.8 dry seed m⁻² (4.10 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 20.8 plants m⁻² and 27.7 plants m⁻², respectively. The crop was grown at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with levels ranging from 300–3000 ppm daily during the majority of the crop cycle. During early stages (first 10 days) of the crop, CO₂ was allowed to rise to 7860 ppm while soil respiration dominated, and then was brought down by plant photosynthesis. CO₂ was injected 27 times during days 29–71 to replenish CO₂ used by the crop during photosynthesis. Temperature regime was 24–28 °C day/deg 20–24 °C night. Pinto bean matured and was harvested 20 days earlier than is typical for this variety, while the cowpea, which had trouble establishing, took 25 days more for harvest than typical for this variety. Productivity and atmospheric dynamic results of these studies contribute toward the design of an envisioned ground-based test bed prototype Mars base.     

加强盘式转子支承设计技术

针对航空发动机高速转子支承结构设计难点,以某加强盘式结构的高压压气机试验件为研究对象,基于该试验件具有转子跨距长、质量大、轴向力大的设计特点,分析转子支承方案设计要求和转子动力特性影响因素,总结了转子支承设计技术特点和需求条件;开展支承方案的确立及筛选设计,采用通过理论和数值计算分析优选出的1-1-1型支承方案,综合优化支点跨距、转子质量、支承刚度和支点阻尼4个设计变量,满足全转速范围内的性能录取需求。结果表明:优化方案在工作转速范围内存在2阶临界转速并均处于性能录取转速以下,应变能分别为9.3%和16%。试验件最终顺利完成了全部转速下的性能参数录取,在试验过程中运行平稳,整体振动水平较低,轴向力始终处于轴承承载范围,验证了转子支承方案的合理性。     

进口探针支杆尾迹诱发压气机转子叶片共振的数值研究

为了探究包含支杆直径10mm进口探针的压气机罕见地出现第一级转子叶片动应变超限报警的产生机理,以更换直径8mm+3mm的探针后报警解除的情况作为对比方案,开展了进口探针支杆诱发压气机转子叶片振动的流动机理研究。以试验压气机为研究对象,利用ANSYS APDL命令流语言使用载荷步文件法对该压气机转子叶片进行了单向瞬态流固耦合数值计算。结果表明,两类探针支杆尾迹影响下,压气机转子叶片都发生了共振;引起叶片共振的激振力频率来源于支杆尾迹诱导频率与支杆通过频率的叠加,其中支杆尾迹诱导频率是由支杆尾迹涡脱落与转子叶片通过非同相位所诱导产生;支杆直径减小,支杆尾迹引起的叶片表面激振力减小,使叶片振动应变相应降低。     

直升机主减速器变形对传动性能的影响分析

综合考虑了直升机主减速器机匣、轴系及轴承的支撑变形,计算了在实际工况下弧齿锥齿轮副的当量错位量。利用ANSYS软件对机匣进行静力分析,通过最小二乘优化方法得到了加载条件下输入轴和输出轴的轴线方程;对齿轮副进行受力分析,采用一维有限元方法计算了轴系及轴承各节点处的位移;将两组变形量叠加求出了当量错位量。建立了考虑错位量的轮齿接触分析(TCA)模型,根据错位量对齿面进行再设计,获得了优化后的小轮加工参数。结果表明:在变形形成当量错位条件下,齿面受载时,优化后的齿轮副齿面印痕会靠近齿面中心,改善了齿轮副的啮合质量。