灰色系统理论在民用飞机生产成本预测中的应用

本论文将灰色系统理论应用在民机生产成本评估,建立了民机生产成本预测模型,对预测结果作了检验,充实了民机生产成本估算手段。     

一种改进的最小二乘景像匹配算法

为提高景像匹配系统的匹配速度和对初始定位误差、噪声的鲁棒性,对实时图与基准图之间的灰度分布关系进行分析,建立实时图和基准图之间的景像匹配模型,给出了一种改进的最小二乘景像匹配算法.该算法在最小二乘目标函数中引入一个辅助约束项构成综合目标函数,辅助约束项隐含有对量测输入平滑性的约束,提高了匹配算法的稳定性,运用牛顿法推导出该算法的递推公式,该算法充分利用了综合目标函数的一阶、二阶导数信息,因此具有较快的收敛速度.仿真结果表明了算法的有效性.     

非均质变截面折线形梁面内振动的传递矩阵解法

考虑到折线形梁面内二维振动的特性，用传递矩阵法分析其面内的自由振动问题，导出了匀质变截面折线形梁面内振动的频率方程，利用非线性代数方程求根的计算机解法，可求得任意精度的任意阶固有频率。方法公式简洁，占计算机内存少，可编制成通用程序在小型微机上分析大型复杂折线形梁的面内振动特性。     

FL-8风洞三点支撑系统研制

为提高大展弦比和飞翼类等大载荷飞行器风洞试验的准精度，中航工业气动院在FL-8低速风洞开展了三点支撑系统研究。两种空间形状和截面形状支杆的风洞试验表明：三点支撑增加了试验系统纵横向的刚度，使得试验精度有所提高；支杆形状对横向试验结果影响显著，精细地设计模型附近支杆对提高试验准度很有帮助。     

基层级航空弹药技术保障中保障人员的配置优化

介绍了航空弹药保障人员的特点,建立了保障人员的优化配置模型,并对该模型进行了验证。     

飞机地面保障车辆液压缸闭环数字式控制系统开发研究

介绍了液压控制在飞机地面保障车辆中的应用,提出了现存应用中的弊端,设计一套完整的闭环数字式控制系统,解决了PC与PLC之间的通讯问题,并且开发了相关的计算机监控软件系统。     

Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support

NASA’s Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center was decommissioned in 1998, but several crop tests were conducted that have not been reported in the open literature. These include several monoculture studies with wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and tomato. For all of these studies, either 10 or 20 m² of plants were grown in an atmospherically closed chamber (113 m³ vol.) using a hydroponic nutrient film technique along with elevated CO₂ (1000 or 1200 μmol mol⁻¹). Canopy light (PAR) levels ranged from 17 to 85 mol m⁻² d⁻¹ depending on the species and photoperiod. Total biomass (DM) productivities reached 39.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 27.2 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 19.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 15.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean, and 7.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce. Edible biomass (DM) productivities reached 18.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 11.3 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 9.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 7.1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce, and 6.0 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean. The corresponding radiation (light) use efficiencies for total biomass were 0.64 g mol⁻¹ PAR for potato, 0.59 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, 0.51 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.46 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, and 0.43 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. Radiation use efficiencies for edible biomass were 0.44 g mol⁻¹ for potato, 0.42 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, 0.25 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.17 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, and 0.16 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. By initially growing seedlings at a dense spacing and then transplanting them to the final production area could have saved about 12 d in each production cycle, and hence improved edible biomass productivities and radiation use efficiencies by 66% for lettuce (to 11.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.70 g mol⁻¹), 16% for tomato (to 11.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹and 0.29 g mol⁻¹), 13% for soybean (to 6.9 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.19 g mol⁻¹), and 13% for potato (to 20.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.50 g mol⁻¹). Since wheat was grown at higher densities, transplanting seedlings would not have improved yields. Tests with wheat resulted in a relatively low harvest index of 29%, which may have been caused by ethylene or other organic volatile compounds (VOCs) accumulating in the chamber. Assuming a higher harvest index of 40% could be achieved by scrubbing VOCs, productivity of wheat seed could have been improved nearly 40% to 15.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and edible biomass radiation use efficiency to 0.30 g mol⁻¹.     

面向维修的现代大飞机设计

提出了面向维修的设计（DFM）概念。论述了面向维修的设计在现代飞机研制与发展中的重要地位和作用。通过空客、波音和巴航等重视DFM的典型案例，说明了DFM是现代大飞机成功与否的关键性技术。简要分析了DFM的世界先进水平与中国的差距，阐明DFM对于中国发展大飞机有着至关重要的意义。根据国内外工程实践，提出了中国大飞机的DMMH／FH指标门限值（threshold）应不高于10，目标值（goal）应不大于8，以建立大飞机DMMH／FH指标体系为核心的定量化分析的DFM工程化思路。     

湿滑道面飞机轮胎临界滑水速度计算方法比较

以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)临界滑水速度计算公式为基础,基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)算法建立动流场冲击原地转动轮胎分析模型,并由NASA公式及试验数据验证了模型的正确性及NASA公式在重轴载高胎压范围的适用性。进而考虑实际道面积水状态,建立滚动轮胎冲击静流场模型,探讨实际积水状态对临界滑水速度的影响。通过两类模型对比分析得出:两类模型的轮胎-水膜相互作用机理不同,相同速度和胎压下,后者在轮胎前缘形成的动水压强峰值明显高于前者,表明滚动轮胎冲击静流场模型中轮胎受到动水压强抬升作用更为显著,且相同速度条件下,滚动轮胎冲击静流场分析模型计算的竖向支撑力和临界滑水速度始终低于动流场冲击滚动轮胎的结果,表明该模型计算结果偏于安全,更适用于飞机高速滑行中轮胎-水膜相互作用分析。据此,提出了基于道面积水状态的临界滑水速度计算公式。     

Cowpeas and pinto beans: Performance and yields of candidate space crops in the laboratory biosphere closed ecological system

An experiment utilizing cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat (Triticum sativa L.) was conducted in the soil-based closed ecological facility, Laboratory Biosphere, from February to May 2005. The lighting regime was 13 h light/11 h dark at a light intensity of 960 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 45 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ supplied by high-pressure sodium lamps. The pinto beans and cowpeas were grown at two different planting densities. Pinto bean production was 341.5 g dry seed m⁻² (5.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 579.5 dry seed m⁻² (9.20 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 32.5 plants m⁻² and 37.5 plants m⁻², respectively. Cowpea yielded 187.9 g dry seed m⁻² (2.21 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 348.8 dry seed m⁻² (4.10 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 20.8 plants m⁻² and 27.7 plants m⁻², respectively. The crop was grown at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with levels ranging from 300–3000 ppm daily during the majority of the crop cycle. During early stages (first 10 days) of the crop, CO₂ was allowed to rise to 7860 ppm while soil respiration dominated, and then was brought down by plant photosynthesis. CO₂ was injected 27 times during days 29–71 to replenish CO₂ used by the crop during photosynthesis. Temperature regime was 24–28 °C day/deg 20–24 °C night. Pinto bean matured and was harvested 20 days earlier than is typical for this variety, while the cowpea, which had trouble establishing, took 25 days more for harvest than typical for this variety. Productivity and atmospheric dynamic results of these studies contribute toward the design of an envisioned ground-based test bed prototype Mars base.