民用飞机地面支援设备设计探讨

从安全性、经济性和维修性等方面．对地面支援设备设计过程中需要遵循的设计要求进行规定．提出规范的地面支援设备设计要求．供相关设计人员参考。     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

公允价值在我国的应用和思考

本文对公允价值在我国的应用进行了反思，提出了在我国应当限制使用公允价值的观点。     

刍议环境投资决策的基本方法

环境管理会计是将环境因素引入管理会计体系的正在形成之中的新兴管理会计学分支.在环境因素逐渐成为影响企业活动的重要因素的背景下,环境管理会计以其适应企业现实的经营状况等优势,日渐受到企业的重视,同时其理论的发展也在不断的完善之中.环境投资决策就是将环境因素引进管理会计之中,在管理会计进行各种决策分析时,通过确认,计量各种由于环境因素所造成的收益与成本,并将其纳入到管理会计分析的模型之中.其中着重介绍了环境投资决策的基本方法,并举实例对环境项目的决策进行分析.     

目标成本管理在汽车零部件行业应用研究

汽车零部件行业生命周期相对固定、事先确定销售价格、产量预测较为明确等特点使该行业具有目标成本管理的先天优势。而一个产品在生命期必然面对客户每年提出的降价要求,因此如果简单地运用目标价格扣减目标利润的公式难以真正实现产品盈利的目标。文章认为目标成本的确定应该结合产品生命期内的现金流分析,在满足项目评价指标的前提下,在整个生命期内对产品进行成本规划。文章以KD公司为案例企业,对其基于产品生命期现金流的目标成本管理的具体应用方法进行了研究,肯定了其取得的良好效果。     

决策支持系统中基于神经网络的非线性预测方法

本文说明了在决策支持系统中引入人人工神经网络模型进行预测的原因，并介绍了在DSS中用于非线性预测所采用的神经网络模型，以及基于这种网络模型进行非线性预测的基本原理和具体的学习算法。     

先进战斗机生命保障系统

生命保障系统为适应新型战斗机发展需求,围绕"以人为保障对象"系统特征,采用基于系统工程的需求/功能分析方法,从飞机总体、生理、六性、飞管、任务等需求出发,提出系统需求,开展需求分析向工程实践转化研究,确定分解了系统、成品的设计及指标要求。通过系统架构优化、提高快速响应能力研究,建立大系统综合的系统架构。基于数据共享、控制融合的飞管平台以及氧气介质传感器技术,结合六性、FMECA和FTA,开展数字协同环境下生命保障系统综合设计,系统电子信息化程度取得突破,具备高度综合的全数字显示与控制、自主诊断和状态监测能力,获得高效维修保障能力,为实现玻璃化座舱、快速出动、快速布防、跨区域作战、自主保障提供有力支撑。     

基于有限元法的综合支架结构设计与承载能力分析

本文对防爆加热器撬块综合支架的结构进行了分析,找到该支架结构设计上存在的问题并作了相应的改进设计,使得综合支架的结构在满足强度和刚度的同时减轻了整体的重量,在材料的利用上趋于优化的设计; 通过对综合支架的有限元模型施加不同的惯性力,得出不同载荷下综合支架应力变化规律,从而确定出综合支架所能承受的最大惯性力。     

民机直接维修成本系统动力学仿真研究

以民用飞机直接维修成本为研究对象,分析了成本产生的因果关系,绘制了存量流量图,建立了存量、流量、辅助变量、常量之间的关联方程以及确定其初始值;在确定模型合理的基础上,分析了模型的计算结果,并通过调整模型的参数来观察模型结果的变化以确定最优策略,为决策者提供决策支持。分析结果表明,仿真方法具有一定的实用性。     

Influence of the interaction between light intensity and CO2 concentration on productivity and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in fully controlled environment

The effects of the factorial combination of two light intensities (200 and 800 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and two CO₂ concentrations (360 and 800 ppm) were studied on the productivity and nutritional quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under controlled environment. After 6 weeks within a growth chamber, spinach plants were sampled and analyzed for productivity and quality. There were no statistically significant interactions between the effects of light and CO₂ for all of the variables studied, except for the nitrate and oxalic acid content of the leaves. High light and high CO₂ independently one from the other, promoted spinach productivity, and the accumulation of ascorbic acid, while their interactive effect limited the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid in the spinach leaves. The results highlight the importance of considering the effects of the interaction among environmental variables on maximizing production and the nutritional quality of the food when cultivating and modeling the plant response in controlled environment systems such as for bioregenerative life support.