用于评定火炮火力支援效果的马尔科夫模型

根据炮兵作战理论和实际作战流程，建立了用于评定间瞄武器进行火力支援的作战效能模型。该模型不仅可以比较不同火炮系统的作战效能，还可通过修改模型参数使其能反映不同的作战强度，对炮兵的战术决策有一定的参考意义。     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

快速拉格朗日差分法在巷道锚杆支护计算中的应用

快速拉格朗日法是一种新型的数值计算方法。本文介绍了快速拉格朗日法的基本原理和分析过程；并将这种方法应用于巷道锚杆支护的计算中，对锚杆支护前后围岩的变形进行了对比。结果表明锚杆在控制围岩垂直方向的变形有明显的作用。     

也谈"军事计量测量标准价值分析"

就价值分析的内涵和操作要点,以及价值分析在计量领域的应用等方面,对本刊曾发表过的"军事计量测量标准价值分析"一文中的某些提法和分析提出几点不同的看法.     

Excel2000在工程造价管理中的应用

Excel2000主要是用来管理、组织和处理各种各样的数据.本文主要介绍了Excel2000在工程造价管理方面发挥的功能,从而方便地减轻了繁杂的计算工作问题.     

Algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter

The algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter is considered; the support makes it possible to significantly reduce accumulating errors that are due to incomplete data on wind parameters and decrease requirements for random errors of initial data sensors.     

一种基于极大似然估计的信号盲抽取算法

针对盲信号抽取问题,根据极大似然估计原理,给出一种基于极大似然估计的分步盲抽取算法。根据信号不同的延时特性确立抽取信号,完成第一步抽取。由于初步抽取信号存在噪声污染,根据极大似然估计,估计抽取信号的概率密度函数,确立优化代价函数,利用自然梯度方法进行优化,确立最终抽取向量迭代方式,完成对抽取信号优化处理。通过仿真证明算法具有良好的收敛性和抗噪性,在SNR17 d B时,抽取信号与源信号的相似度达到95%。     

基于偏最小二乘回归分析的装备研制费用估算方法及应用

介绍了寿命周期费用的概念以及各阶段分布情况;针对经典回归分析的不足,采用偏最小二乘回归分析对某装备样本数据进行分析建模;建立了研制费用与几个相关指标的回归方程,并将估算结果与经典的回归分析进行对比,验证模型的合理性。该模型能较好地反映了费用与各指标之间的关系,对后续寿命周期费用的分析与控制有一定的意义。     

机型成本预测的因素分析法

根据管理会计把机型成本要素分解为固定成本、半变动成本和变动成本，对航空公司机型的航空运量作出预测，就可对机型作出预测。     

Design-to-Cost Applied Within an Integrated System Model

In an environment of declining financial budgets for space projects, new approaches - such as Design-To-Cost - are being implemented to improve today's satellite design processes. Using an example of a current mission (the power subsystem of the Solar Probe spacecraft) under study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the main part of the paper discusses an Integrated System Model (structured into a performance model, a cost model, and an effectiveness model) that is part of a model-based design process used to perform cost-effectiveness trades. A simulation tool is used during the first step to size the components of the power subsystem, and then simulate its performance during operation. The determined dimensions are transferred into an EXCEL^TM-spreadsheet and linked to the components' costs. With a cost accounting tool that combines cost estimating relationships with the Work Breakdown Structure of the power subsystem, the life-cycle cost of each alternative design concept is computed. To determine the cost-risk of the different design alternatives for each component, cost probability distributions are introduced. By performing Monte-Carlo simulations, cost sensitivities are revealed. In the next step of the trade study process, the effectiveness of the alternatives is analyzed. Having determined cost and effectiveness, estimates can be made for where the different alternatives lie in the design space. The last part of the paper identifies the main drivers for the spacecraft's performance and cost. Finally it is shown how the mission design benefited from the Integrated System Model and from the application of Design-To-Cost.