突片作用下气膜冷却效率的试验研究

为了研究突片对气膜冷却的影响规律, 设计了3种不同堵塞比的等边三角形突片, 并对其对气膜冷却特性的影响规律进行了实验研究.研究结果表明, 与无突片的气膜冷却相比, 突片的存在提高了气膜冷却效果;冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大, 且沿气流方向冷却效率存在一极大值;当吹风比M<1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大;当M>1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而减小.      

基于伴随非等温射流理论的缝槽气膜冷却模型

在伴随非等温射流基础上发展了一种适用于缝槽气膜冷却绝热温比预估的数学模型.通过合理假设推导出二维壁面射流混合层核心温度分布规律,将其作为气膜绝热壁温,并考虑缝槽几何特征参数和气膜吹风比对冷却效率的影响,得到绝热温比计算公式.用试验数据对该预估模型进行拟合分析,得到了与试验数据拟合精度在±8%以内的半经验预估模型,证明该模型的可行性和应用潜力,并需要更多的试验数据对其进行验证和改进.      

超声速叶型前缘几何形状对叶栅气动性能的影响

应用NURBS技术构造超声速叶型,采用两个控制参数调整叶栅前缘椭圆弧的几何形状,来探索不同的前缘构型对超声速叶型气动性能的影响效应;通过对比分析调整每个参数所得的一系列叶栅的流场计算结果,发现椭圆弧的形状控制因子对超声速叶栅的前缘激波和气流流动状况具有一定的改善效果,同时在保证叶栅气动弦长基本不变的情况下,存在某个椭圆弧形状控制因子和方向控制因子的匹配能够使叶栅的气动性能达到最佳.     

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

地球同步轨道薄膜太阳帆的姿态轨道控制方法

薄膜太阳帆（FSS）是集推进、发电和姿轨控功能于一体化的超大型挠性太阳帆式航天器,通过调整薄膜反射率产生可变推力和力矩,实现其姿态和轨道运动控制。结合薄膜太阳帆在地球同步轨道运行时的受力特性进行了轨道漂移分析。通过建立薄膜太阳帆动力学模型及受力模型,提出了调整帆面角度轨道修正方法以及基于薄膜光压力矩角动量卸载的长期在轨对日定向面内双轴动量轮稳定控制方法。通过系统仿真验证表明所提的轨道修正和对日定向控制方法是合理有效的,可使薄膜太阳帆长期在定点位置维持对日定向。     

ZL104局部阳极氧化工艺研究

研究了铝合金材料阳极氧化理论以及ZL104铝合金材料局部硫酸阳极氧化处理后膜层粘脱现象产生的原因与机理,指出了该现象产生的原因是氧化膜在贮存、水试等环节受到污染而使氧化膜的封孔结构被破坏.根据理论分析和模拟试验结果,提出了局部阳极氧化前增加水封闭处理对氧化膜进行修复的工艺技术.该项技术可有效杜绝氧化膜层粘脱现象.采用该项工艺技术制造的液体火箭发动机已经用于常规运载火箭系统,该运载火箭已经完成飞行任务考核.     

气体自发光在高超声速流场显示中的应用

提出了利用高焓气体自发光作为高超声速流场显示的方法,介绍了在使用高焓运行的激波风洞中,对二维模型的高超声速绕流流场使用此种方法的初步结果,可观察到二维棱形柱的尾流和马赫波的相交。结果表明此种方法不需外加光源,对于结构限制无法设置透明部件的模型,无疑是简单可行的。     

多孔层板换热特性实验研究

本实验选取了一种典型结构的多孔层板作为研究对象 ,进行了换热特性实验研究。研究了改变冷热气流吹风比对该型层板冷却效果的影响。另外 ,对该型多孔层板的冷却效果沿中轴线顺气流方向的变化规律也作了深入的研究。并给出了层板局部 N ux 和冷却效果 E关于局部 Rex 及冷热气流吹风比 M的数学拟合表达式。     

超音尾喷流红外抑制方案的研究

超音速发动机尾喷流的红外抑制是超音速飞行器隐身性能的重要组成部分。本文提出两种超音速尾喷流的红外抑制方案二次旋流方案与组合波瓣方案 ,并对两种方案共 7组试验件在不同的结构和二次流速度情况下进行了大量重复试验。在旋流方案试验中 ,对二次流加旋诱发大尺度流向涡进行了系统的研究 ,得到旋流角度、二次流速度等对掺混效果的影响规律 ,试验结果表明 :对于本结构方案 ,当二次流速度为 49m/s,旋流角在 3 0°左右 ,掺混效果最好 ,且随二次流流速的增加而加强。在组合波瓣方案的试验中 ,对组合波瓣用于超音尾喷流红外抑制进行了研究 ,试验结果表明可对超音尾喷流的红外起到有效的抑制作用。