超音轴向分速风扇/压气机叶栅流动特征分析

本文介绍了三种带冲波的超音轴向分速叶型设计,及其叶栅流场计算,分析了这些叶栅流场特征。在计算的反压条件下,全部波系均控制在槽道内,叶栅槽道内存在不同大小的轴向分速超音区,这种叶型叶栅可承受的增压比高,总压恢复系数较低,这类叶栅的性能和流动特征尚缺少实验数据和理论分析。     

超声速气流中的煤油喷雾研究

为了强化液体燃料超声速燃烧 ,注入的液体燃料以喷雾 (SprayAtomization)的方式 ,以便加速蒸发和混合。油雾直观图像对研究喷雾燃烧的内部复杂现象有很大帮助。由于实验上的困难 ,超声速气流中的喷雾图像较为罕见。笔者给出超声速气流中显示煤油喷雾的一种简单、实用方法。实验在一直联式超声速燃烧实验装置上进行 ,实验结果表明 ,煤油射流垂直注入超声速气流产生的油雾发展过程与气体射流基本相似 ,喷雾穿透深度与扩张随压力雾化喷嘴的压力增加而增加     

人体肢体多台测力天平的研制

为满足高速风洞人椅组合模型肢体测力试验的需要 ,研究在多种防护措施下 ,飞行员上肢、下肢、前臂、上臂、小腿和大腿所受气动载荷的情况 ,研制了两台 (Φ8,Φ1 0 )六分量和两台 (Φ1 0 ,Φ1 4)五分量特种内式应变天平 ,以测量肢体各段的气动载荷。为高速飞行弹射救生××标准的制定及航空弹射救生防护方法研究提供试验依据     

Three-dimensional global simulation of multiple ICMEs’ interaction and propagation from the Sun to the heliosphere following the 25–28 October 2003 solar events

This study performs simulations of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) propagation in a realistic three-dimensional (3D) solar wind structure from the Sun to the Earth by using the newly developed hybrid code, HAFv.2+3DMHD. This model combines two simulation codes, Hakamada–Akasofu–Fry code version 2 (HAFv.2) and a fully 3D, time-dependent MHD simulation code. The solar wind structure is simulated out to 0.08 AU (18 Rs) from source surface maps using the HAFv.2 code. The outputs at 0.08 AU are then used to provide inputs for the lower boundary, at that location, of the 3D MHD code to calculate solar wind and its evolution to 1 AU and beyond. A dynamic disturbance, mimicking a particular flare’s energy output, is delivered to this non-uniform structure to model the evolution and interplanetary propagation of ICMEs (including their shocks). We then show the interaction between two ICMEs and the dynamic process during the overtaking of one shock by the other. The results show that both CMEs and heliosphere current sheet/plasma sheet were deformed by interacting with each other.     

微波对超声速燃烧火焰结构的影响

超声速中等离子辅助燃烧是一种具有潜力的助燃方式。通过将低功率微波馈入超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的方式，研究了微波对火焰结构的影响。实验来流马赫数为2.5，常温乙烯燃料从壁面横向射流，以单级凹腔作为火焰稳定器，分别加入500 W和700 W连续2.45 GHz的微波，利用高速相机拍摄火焰CH^*发光图像。研究表明微波的加入使超声速火焰稳定结构发生改变，火焰的起始和稳定位置从凹腔剪切层向射流出口转移，表明微波对火焰传播速度或者燃烧反应速率有增强作用。同时利用火焰边界提取和分形几何的方法，发现微波能够增大火焰边界分形维度，分析认为火焰传播速度由于微波的加入而增加，证明小功率的微波对超声速燃烧有促进作用。     

Results from the study of an M7.6 flare and its associated CME

An M7.6 flare was well observed on October 24, 2003 in active region 10486 by a few instruments and satellites, including GOES, TRACE, SOHO, RHESSI and NoRH. Multi-wavelength study shows that this flare underwent two episodes. During the first episode, only a looptop source of <40 keV was observed in reconstructed RHESSI images, which showed shrinkage with a velocity of 12–14 km s⁻¹ in a period of about 12 min. During the second process, in addition to the looptop source, two footpoint sources were observed in energy channel of as high as ∼200 keV. One of them showed fast propagation along one of the two TRACE 1600 Å flare ribbons and the 195 Å loop footpoints, which could be explained by successive magnetic reconnection. The associated CME showed a mass pickup process with decreasing center-of-mass velocity. The decrease of the CME kinetic energy and the increase of its potential energy lead to an almost constant total energy during the CME propagation. Our results reveal that the flare and its associated CME have comparable energy content, and the flare is of non-thermal property.     

超音速流动中侧向喷流干扰特性的数值模拟

通过与实验结果的比较验证Fluent软件可以用于超音速流动中侧向喷流干扰特性数值研究.使用Fluent软件对超音速流动中不同喷流压力和攻角下侧向喷流干扰特性进行的数值研究表明,超音速流动中,随喷流压力和负攻角增大,喷流前的高压区明显增大,喷流的控制效果更好.喷流包裹作用的影响范围在90°弹面内.喷流压力增大,喷流包裹作用加强,影响范围增大.     

跨音速机翼设计方法的改进

以Takanashi提出的"正反迭代、余量修正"的原理为基础,针对其当机翼上表面存在较强的超音速流动时,解的收敛性不好的问题,对Takanashi方法进行改进.具体方法就是在控制方程的双曲部分引入基于迎风格式的附加项.通过对某干线飞机机翼的设计,证明了改进后的方法是成功的,设计结果在超音区有很好的收敛性.      

超声速反应流火焰面/进度变量模型

基于Pierce低马赫数条件下的火焰面/进度变量模型,考虑可压缩性和激波的影响,发展了用于超声速湍流反应流的火焰面/进度变量模型.该模型通过求解混合分数和进度变量两个标量方程来描述化学反应,且采用火焰面方程解的完整的三个分支:稳态燃烧分支、具有局部熄火状态的非稳态分支和完全熄火分支.利用该模型对德国宇航中心(DLR)的超燃冲压发动机进行模拟,与稳态火焰面模型得到的附着火焰不同,计算结果捕捉到了熄火和火焰抬举现象;且数值阴影和平均温度分布与实验结果吻合较好.      

一种改进的类DES湍流模拟方法

构造了一种基于一方程S-A(Spalart-Allmaras)模型和一方程Yoshizawa亚格子模型的混合RANS/LES(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation)湍流模拟方法.在涡黏假设的基础上,将Yoshizawa亚格子湍动能方程转化为等效的亚格子湍流涡黏性输运方程,并采用混合函数将其与S-A模型方程进行混合,从而改进了DES(detached eddy simulation)模型的亚格子行为,同时克服了其依靠网格控制模型转换的缺点.模拟了超声速的带斜坡凹腔流动,并与相同网格下的LES及DES结果进行了比较,结果表明该混合RANS/LES方法在远离壁面的自由剪切流区域与LES行为一致,而在附着边界层区域表现优于LES和DES方法.