指数型分布粗糙地面电磁散射的FDTD研究

用Wang-Schmugge模型计算土壤介电常数,采用指数型粗糙面模拟实际的粗糙地面,用时域有限差分方法（FDTD）研究了指数型分布粗糙地面的电磁散射特性。通过数值计算获得了不同散射角时的双站散射系数,讨论了粗糙地面均方根、相关长度、土壤湿度和入射波波长对双站散射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明：粗糙地面高度均方根、相关长度、土壤湿度和入射波长对双站散射系数的影响复杂。     

月球探测器着陆性能若干影响因素分析

软着陆缓冲装置是月球探测器的核心组成,对其着陆过程进行动力学分析 是着陆器设计的重要环节。论文以四腿悬架式着陆器为研究对象,首先在综合考虑月面非线 性变形、反推火箭残余应力、姿态控制力等基础上建立了探测器倾斜月面着陆过程动力学方 程。其次,研究了月面摩擦系数、月面着陆倾斜角度、反推火箭残余应力、着陆速度对探测 器着陆性能的影响。结果表明探测器着陆稳定性能伴随着月球表面土壤摩擦系数、月面倾斜 角度、着陆速度的升高而急速降低;探测器反推火箭残余应力虽能较大地减缓月面对着 陆器的冲击,但过大却容易导致探测器在月面反弹甚至翻滚。
     

卫星表面放电效应模拟器研制

文章介绍了自行研制的卫星表面放电效应模拟器。根据模拟器基本原理和应实现的主要功能,提出了模拟器的技术指标和具体设计方案;研制了模拟器标定系统,并利用该标定系统对模拟器放电电压和放电电流脉冲特性进行了测试标定。结果表明所研制模拟器的放电特性符合卫星表面放电效应模拟试验的要求,可以用于表面放电效应评估。     

Plasma Niobium Surface Alloying of Pure Titanium and its Oxidation at 900℃

A niobium-modified layer on pure titanium surface was obtained by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The modified layer was uniform, continuous, compact and well adhered to the substrate. The niobium composition in the modified layer decreased gradually from the surface to the substrate. The oxidation behavior of the niobium-modified layer was investigated and com- pared with the untreated surface at 900 ℃ for 100 h. Characterization of the layers was performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The test results show that the oxidation behavior of pure titanium was improved by niobium alloying process. Niobium has a positive influence on the oxidation resistance.     

水上飞机浮筒外形设计的微机系统

本文介绍了一个水上飞机浮简外形设计的微机系统FCDS。浮筒外形是一张须满足流体静、动力等性能要求的复杂的三维曲面。FCDS以性能优良的库模型作为外形曲面生成的基础,使曲面的进一步设计有了一定的流体性能上的保证。系统用非均匀有理B样条来作曲线曲面的拟合和交互设计。不仅继承了普通多项式非均匀B样条重节点、重顶点等设计技巧,而且增加了形状调节的能力,同时可将二次曲线曲面统一在三次有理式中。系统提供了用穗坂卫法直接光顺空间曲线和曲面的功能,可对浮筒外形进行光顺处理,提供直接用于制造的数据。文中还对FCDS这类专业曲面CAD系统的设计构思、结构组成作了探讨。系统设计的通用性构思,使FCDS稍作修改即可用于其他飞机部件的外形设计。     

ΔDsat,a QB50 CubeSat mission to study rarefied-gas drag modelling

A CubeSat mission to study the impact of flow incidence angle, surface material and surface roughness on gas–surface interactions on spacecraft in low Earth orbits has been designed. To accomplish this scientific goal the CubeSat deploys a variable geometry aerofoil capable of exposing different surfaces to the flow at different incident angles. By using the on-board GPS measurements and an orbit determination technique the drag experienced by the CubeSat can be estimated. The CubeSat has been designed to be part of the QB50 mission, and hence it carries a sensor that can take in-situ measurements of the atmosphere. This is then used to estimate the atmospheric density and hence to extract information on the drag coefficient. To minimise any bias present in the measurement chain a differential approach is used. Therefore no absolute drag coefficients are estimated, instead, ratios of drag coefficients are computed. This allows direct comparisons of the drag coefficients of different materials, different surface roughness or different incident angles. Simulations indicate that this CubeSat mission will be able to obtain drag coefficient ratios with an uncertainty level of less than 5%.     

水泥混凝土路面损坏的原因及防治措施

水泥混凝土路面具有强度高、使用寿命长、稳定性好、不易变形等特点,在建设中广泛采用。但在行车荷载和环境因素的作用下会出现不同类型的损坏,本文据此有针对性地采取了防治措施,以避免水泥混凝土路面损坏。     

MESSENGER and the Chemistry of Mercury’s Surface

The instrument suite on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is well suited to address several of Mercury’s outstanding geochemical problems. A combination of data from the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) and X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) instruments will yield the surface abundances of both volatile (K) and refractory (Al, Ca, and Th) elements, which will test the three competing hypotheses for the origin of Mercury’s high bulk metal fraction: aerodynamic drag in the early solar nebula, preferential vaporization of silicates, or giant impact. These same elements, with the addition of Mg, Si, and Fe, will put significant constraints on geochemical processes that have formed the crust and produced any later volcanism. The Neutron Spectrometer sensor on the GRNS instrument will yield estimates of the amount of H in surface materials and may ascertain if the permanently shadowed polar craters have a significant excess of H due to water ice. A comparison of the FeO content of olivine and pyroxene determined by the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument with the total Fe determined through both GRNS and XRS will permit an estimate of the amount of Fe present in other forms, including metal and sulfides.     

月球表面及月壤内温度分布特征的数值模拟

文章建立了月表辐射与月壤内二维非稳态导热的耦合传热模型,采用控制容积法数值模拟月壤内的温度分布,主要研究了月表、月壤内温度的分布和变化规律及探测器对局部月表温度的影响。计算结果表明一昼夜期间月壤内存在明显的温差:浅层月壤处的昼夜温差较大且受纬度的影响明显;随着深度的增加,月壤昼夜温差降低并趋于稳定,且受纬度的影响较小。探测器的存在遮挡了月表接受的太阳辐射,导致其阴影区域内月表温度发生突变,新的平衡温度接近探测器底面温度,且受探测器驻留时间的影响较小;当探测器移开,月表温度又迅速恢复到原有的变化规律。