飞翼布局飞行器可伸缩腹部襟翼气动分析

研究可伸缩腹部襟翼对飞翼布局飞行器的增升作用,可以分析其对飞行器气动力的影响规律。以某飞翼布局飞行器为初始外形,利用数值模拟方法针对可伸缩腹部襟翼伸展时的缝隙分布进行选型;在此基础上,分析腹部襟翼不同收起状态的全机气动力特性。结果表明：可伸缩腹部襟翼完全伸展时,山字形舵片之间的缝隙能够有效减轻其后方的气流分离,增强增升效果,并且当缝隙宽度和山字形舵片宽度一致时,增升效果最好;在可伸缩腹部襟翼收起过程中,俯仰力矩系数随腹部襟翼高度改变呈准线性变化趋势,并且可伸缩腹部襟翼的增升效果优于相同高度的无缝隙腹部襟翼。     

可变形翼导弹动态气动特性的仿真研究

导弹发射后,飞行高度从近地面到高空域,气压、温度变化巨大,同时飞行马赫数也从低速到超声速、高超声速。在不同飞行阶段稳定性能和升阻比需求不同,对导弹气动性能要求不同。固定外形导弹的气动性能难以适用于不同的飞行任务,而可变形翼导弹通过改变翼面的形状,实现外形上的变化,从而适应不同的作战环境。通过分析可变形收缩弹翼不同收缩速度(快速、中速、慢速3种状态)的气动性能,研究了导弹气动性能随弹翼收缩速度变化的规律,揭示了升力系数和阻力系数随弹翼的收缩速率的线性变化特征。同时还分析了变形前后导弹附近流场的压强、速度和温度的变化,以及这些物理量对导弹的影响。结果表明,伸缩翼改变了翼面面积和展弦比,弹翼伸长时具有高升阻力,适合亚声速巡航,弹翼收缩可以减小高马赫数飞行时阻力,提高导弹射程。     

Pressure distribution guided supercritical wing optimization

Pressure distribution is important information for engineers during an aerodynamic design process. Pressure Distribution Oriented (PDO) optimization design has been proposed to introduce pressure distribution manipulation into traditional performance dominated optimization. In previous PDO approaches, constraints or manual manipulation have been used to obtain a desirable pressure distribution. In the present paper, a new Pressure Distribution Guided (PDG) method is developed to enable better pressure distribution manipulation while maintaining optimization efficiency. Based on the RBF-Assisted Differential Evolution (RADE) algorithm, a surrogate model is built for target pressure distribution features. By introducing individuals suggested by sub-optimization on the surrogate model into the population, the direction of optimal searching can be guided. Pressure distribution expectation and aerodynamic performance improvement can be achieved at the same time. The improvements of the PDG method are illustrated by comparing its design results and efficiency on airfoil optimization test cases with those obtained using other methods. Then the PDG method is applied on a dual-aisle airplane’s inner-board wing design. A total drag reduction of 8 drag counts is achieved.     

Effect of an end plate on surface pressure distributions of two swept wings

A series of wind tunnel tests was conducted to examine how an end plate affects the pressure distributions of two wings with leading edge(LE) sweep angles of 23° and 40°. All the experiments were carried out at a midchord Reynolds number of 8×10~5, covering an angle of attack(AOA) range from -2° to 14°. Static pressure distribution measurements were acquired over the upper surfaces of the wings along three chordwise rows and one spanwise direction at the wing quarter-chord line. The results of the tests confirm that at a particular AOA, increasing the sweep angle causes a noticeable decrease in the upper-surface suction pressure. Furthermore, as the sweep angle increases, the development of a laminar separation bubble near the LEs of the wings takes place at higher AOAs. On the other hand, spanwise pressure measurements show that increasing the wing sweep angle results in forming a stronger vortex on the quarter-chord line which has lower sensitivity to AOA variation and remains substantially attached to the wing surface for higher AOAs than that can be achieved in the case of a lower sweep angle. In addition, data obtained indicate that installing an end plate further reinforces the spanwise flow over the wing surface, thus affecting the pressure distribution.     

旋翼式火星无人机技术发展综述

火星表面稀薄的大气环境为旋翼式无人机在火星低空飞行提供了必要的条件。概述了火星无人机的研究背景、飞行环境与研制难点；整理了世界范围内各研究机构研制的旋翼式火星无人机的技术特点；梳理旋翼式火星无人机研究在气动特性理论、低气压飞行控制、系统集成等方面的关键技术；总结旋翼式火星无人机的仿真研究与实验研究成果；对火星无人机未来的发展趋势进行展望。     

考虑气动弹性变形影响的跨声速机翼设计方法研究

根据气动－结构一体化的设计思想,发展了一种考虑气动弹性变形影响的跨声速机翼ＣＦＤ设计方法。设计实践表明,采用适当的结构弹性模型,方法可以在计算机机翼静弹性变形影响的情况下设计出压力分布收敛于指定目标的新机翼,因此在跨声速机翼型架外形的设计和史 起初外形设计中具有良好的实用价值。     

三角翼大攻角绕流数值模拟研究

采用Harten-Yee的二阶精度隐式TVD格式对N-S方程进行数值模拟,研究了后掠角为65°和70°的三角翼绕流的流场特性。计算结果表明：TVD格式中限制器函数的选取对于三角翼绕流结构的计算结果具有较重要的影响。结合张涵信的旋涡定性分析理论对旋涡的发展过程进行研究,此外,还对二次涡破裂现象和网格分布影响等问题进行了探讨。     

全速域可变形飞行器气动布局设计及试验研究

为了解决大空域、宽速域水平起降可重复使用飞行器的气动适应性问题,设计了一种满足高超声速巡航飞行性能的飞行器,为解决该种飞行器地面水平起飞和高速巡航飞行气动性能矛盾的问题,提出了两种变形布局方式——伸缩翼布局和翻转翼布局。通过数值手段比较分析了两种变形布局的低速气动特性,并通过风洞试验对其性能进行了验证。结果表明,在增加相同机翼面积时,伸缩翼在起飞状态增升效率为68%,同时阻力增加35%;翻转翼在起飞状态增升效率为42%,阻力增加15%;伸缩翼布局比翻转翼布局的起飞升力大16%,阻力大20%,伸缩翼布局具有明显的升力优势,说明亚声速状态增加机翼展弦比是增升的有效手段,但同时也带来阻力的增加;鸭翼具有显著的增升效果,起飞状态增升12.8%,同时阻力降低1.4%,纵向压心系数绝对值前移0.48%,有效缓解了起飞状态升力和纵向稳定性的问题。     

太阳翼铰链锁紧槽的设计研究

针对国内航天器太阳翼所使用的铰链形式,根据产品使用需求,提炼出了铰链锁定装置的功能要求,在此基础上导出了锁紧槽的设计要求、设计流程,提出了一种锁紧槽曲线的设计方法,并通过实例仿真验证了其正确性。     

基于黏性伴随方法的跨声速机翼气动优化设计

 进行了基于黏性伴随方法和Navier Stokes方程的跨声速机翼气动优化设计研究。分别推导了适用于三维跨声速机翼气动反设计和减阻设计的黏性伴随方程、边界条件和梯度求解表达式,并研究了伴随方程的数值求解方法。通过将网格生成、流场计算、黏性伴随方程数值求解、梯度求解和拟牛顿优化算法等几方面的有效结合,发展了一种跨声速机翼气动优化设计方法。为了提高计算效率,将多重网格方法应用到方程的数值求解中来加速收敛。跨声速机翼反设计和减阻设计算例验证了本文所发展的方法的正确性。采用本文的方法进行优化设计,一般通过20~30次迭代就能得到满意的结果。